What does 1 Corinthians 3:3 mean?

For ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you envying, and strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk as men? 1 Corinthians 3:3

Explanation

1 Corinthians 3:3 addresses a problem within the Christian community in Corinth: the presence of envying, strife, and divisions among believers. The apostle Paul uses the word “carnal” to describe their behavior, indicating that they are living according to the flesh rather than the Spirit. The behaviors listed—envy, strife, and division—are considered evidence of a spiritual immaturity that is incongruent with the teachings of Christ. Paul’s use of the phrase “walk as men” implies they are behaving in a merely human way, without the transformation that is expected to come with faith in Jesus Christ.

Historical Context

The First Epistle to the Corinthians was written by Paul in the mid-50s A.D. to address issues and questions within the church of Corinth. The city of Corinth was a major Greek metropolitan center known for its diverse population and a reputation for moral laxity. The verse under analysis comes from a section where Paul is addressing the issue of internal divisions within the Corinthian church community that arise from allegiance to various Christian leaders rather than to Christ himself.

Theological Insights

In theological terms, this verse speaks to the doctrine of sanctification—the process by which a believer is gradually made holy through the work of the Holy Spirit. Different theological traditions interpret sanctification and the associated behaviors in various ways. For example, some may emphasize a definitive point of sanctification, while others focus on a progressive growth in holiness. Paul’s rebuke in this verse challenges believers to pursue the unity and holiness that are expected as a result of sanctification.

Practical Applications

This verse challenges modern readers to consider their own behaviors within their faith communities. It encourages self-reflection on whether one’s actions promote unity and spiritual growth or if they are contributing to envy, strife, and divisions. The teaching can be applied to promote reconciliation, humility, and a focus on common faith in Christ rather than personal pride or factions.

Cross-References

• Galatians 5:19-21: “Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies,”
• James 3:14-16: “But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth. This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work.”
• Romans 8:5: “For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit.”

Language Study

The original Greek word used for “carnal” is “sarkikos,” which pertains to the flesh, signifying a worldly or unregenerate state. “Envying” is translated from “zelos,” which can imply a zealous or jealous rivalry. “Strife” is from “eris,” meaning contention or dispute, often leading to discord. “Divisions” comes from “schisma,” indicating a split or division. These terms emphasize the contrast between living a life dominated by the sinful nature versus one led by the Spirit.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In the Greco-Roman world, philosophical schools often experienced factions and rivalries, similar to the divisions in Corinth. Religious cults at the time also faced internal strife. The Christian message of unity under one God and one savior, Jesus Christ, stands in contrast to such divisions, proposing a community based on mutual love and spiritual kinship.

Scientific Perspectives

The behaviors mentioned in this verse (envy, strife, and division) can be explored from the perspective of psychology and sociology. For instance, studies on group dynamics show how in-group and out-group biases can lead to divisions, much like what was happening in the early church. The verse’s call towards spiritual maturity could be seen to align with psychological theories that emphasize the development of higher moral reasoning and pro-social behavior.

Commentaries

Commentary on this verse often underscores the problem of disunity within the Christian community and what it indicates about spiritual maturity. Many theologians and biblical scholars refer to this text as a strong teaching against the works of the flesh that can infiltrate even religious communities. They suggest that Paul’s admonishments were aimed at redirecting the focus of the Corinthians from human leaders and ego-driven conflicts towards a life inspired by the Spirit and centered on Christ. Some commentaries may also explore the tension in Corinth that arose from blending different cultures and religious backgrounds, which might have contributed to the issues Paul addresses.