What does 1 Corinthians 5:3 mean?

For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed, 1 Corinthians 5:3

Explanation

1 Corinthians 5:3 features the Apostle Paul addressing a situation in the church of Corinth that required disciplinary action. He expresses his position on the matter even though he is not physically present with them. Paul uses a strong and authoritative tone, indicating that while he is absent in body, he is present in spirit, and he has already made a judgment concerning the individual who has committed a wrongdoing. The “deed” is not specified in this verse, but the broader context of the chapter reveals that it refers to a case of sexual immorality within the church, which Paul admonishes. The verse underscores the idea that physical presence is not always necessary for discernment and making judgments, and stresses the seriousness with which the church should handle moral transgressions.

Historical Context

The Corinthian church was established by Paul during his missionary journeys, in a city known for its wealth, diversity, and moral laxity. In writing this letter, he addresses various issues troubling the early Christian community. The specific event Paul is referring to involves a case of incest (a man with his father’s wife), which was not even tolerated in the pagan society of Corinth. Given that the church in Corinth was in a city prone to various moral challenges, it was crucial for Paul to assert his apostolic authority and guide the congregation towards maintaining a holy standard, even from a distance.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse showcases church discipline as an aspect of Christian doctrine. Discipline is understood as a means of correction and restoration, rather than mere punishment. Paul’s assertion of his judgment in the spirit touches upon the concept of spiritual discernment and authority vested in church leadership. From a charismatic perspective, one might argue that the “presence in spirit” suggests a supernatural element of church leadership, in which absence does not impede spiritual intervention or insight.

Practical Applications

This verse can encourage modern-day believers and church leaders to take a firm stance against sin within the church, emphasizing the need for communal holiness and accountability. It also indicates the importance of addressing issues even if one cannot be physically present. In a broader sense, it calls for Christians to be discerning and proactive in maintaining the moral and ethical standards of their faith communities.

Cross-References

• Matthew 18:15-17 – “Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.”
• 1 Corinthians 5:12 – “For what have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not ye judge them that are within?”
• 2 Corinthians 2:10 – “To whom ye forgive any thing, I forgive also: for if I forgave any thing, to whom I forgave it, for your sakes forgave I it in the person of Christ;”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, key words such as “absent” (ἀπών – apōn) and “present” (παρών – parōn) emphasize the contrast between physical absence and spiritual presence. The word for “judged” (κέκρικα – kekrika) indicates a decision already made, reflecting a past action with present implications. The phrase “him that hath so done this deed” encapsulates the gravity of the transgression, pointing to a singular and serious moral failure.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In broader ancient Greco-Roman culture, community morals and accountability were often administered through various societal and religious systems. In Judaic tradition, discipline and community standards were enforced through the Mosaic Law and the rulings of religious authorities. Comparatively, early Christian communities, like the one in Corinth, began developing their own formal structures for addressing moral issues, which were often influenced by Jewish roots but adapted in light of the teachings of Jesus.

Scientific Perspectives

While the verse does not directly intersect with scientific understandings, modern psychology and sociology examine the principles behind authority, group dynamics, and moral decision-making within communities. These fields can provide insight into the mechanisms of influence and behavioral correction, which underpin the practice of church discipline as described by Paul.

Commentaries

Commentators, such as Matthew Henry and Gordon D. Fee, generally agree that Paul is asserting his apostolic authority in matters pertaining to church discipline. They note that the passage reflects the early church’s struggle with sin and the need for strong leadership. Some scholars contend that the mention of being “present in spirit” may refer to Paul’s special relationship with the church as its founder and the authority that this relationship confers upon him to guide and correct its members from afar.