What does 1 Corinthians 7:16 mean?

For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife? 1 Corinthians 7:16

Explanation

The verse 1 Corinthians 7:16 raises significant questions within the context of marital relationships where one spouse is a believer and the other is not. In essence, Paul is addressing the uncertainty and responsibility of a believing spouse concerning the salvation of their unbelieving partner. The core of the verse suggests that a wife or husband who follows Christ should not be certain that their faith will necessarily lead to the conversion and salvation of their non-believing spouse. However, it also implies that the believing spouse has a role to play, one of living out their faith in such a way that it may influence their partner towards salvation.

Historical Context

1 Corinthians was written by the Apostle Paul to the church in Corinth, a port city in ancient Greece. Corinth was known for its diverse population and cosmopolitan atmosphere, but also for its moral laxity. The Christian community in Corinth was struggling with many issues, including internal divisions, sexual immorality, and the challenge of living out their faith in a pagan society. This verse is situated within a larger discussion in 1 Corinthians 7 about marriage, singleness, and the believer’s relationship with the world. Paul was answering questions posed by the Corinthian church about the place of married life within the Christian faith, especially when one spouse was not a believer.

Theological Insights

From an evangelical viewpoint, this verse might be interpreted as emphasizing the sovereignty of God in salvation—not even a spouse’s devoted faith guarantees the salvation of the other. The Roman Catholic tradition may refer to the sacrament of marriage as a means of grace, which could benefit the unbelieving spouse in mysterious ways. Meanwhile, the reformed tradition might discuss this verse in light of the doctrine of election, suggesting that the faithful spouse must trust in God’s ultimate decision regarding the election of the unbelieving partner.

Practical Applications

1 Corinthians 7:16 can guide married individuals in interfaith marriages on the importance of living out one’s faith authentically and lovingly. It can inspire hope but also provide a sobering reminder that personal influence has limitations. Christians are called to witness to their spouses through actions and words, balanced with the understanding that each person is ultimately responsible for their own faith journey.

Cross-References

• 1 Peter 3:1-2 (KJV): “Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, if any obey not the word, they also may without the word be won by the conversation of the wives.”
• 1 Corinthians 9:22 (KJV): “To the weak became I as weak, that I might gain the weak: I am made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some.”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the key words to consider are:

• “σῴζω” (sozo): Often translated as “save,” it encompasses meanings such as to rescue, heal, or preserve.
• “γυνή” (gyne), meaning “wife,” and “ἀνήρ” (aner), meaning “husband” or “man,” highlighting the marital context.
• “οἶδας” (oidas): Translated as “knowest,” which denotes knowledge or awareness.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In the broader cultural context of the Greco-Roman world, the concept of religious influence within the family unit was not unusual. Many ancient myths and religious practices included household deities and family-based religious observance. Paul’s teachings about marriage and religious differences provided a distinct Christian perspective on these existent practices.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern psychological studies on the influence of spouses on each other’s beliefs and behaviors may provide insight into the dynamics addressed in this verse. These can range from the ways personal relationships affect value systems to the potential impacts of having a supportive and ethically consistent partner.

Commentaries

Commentaries on this verse often reflect the broader interpretation of the role of Christian marriage and the influence of believers. Matthew Henry’s commentary emphasizes the sanctifying influence the believing spouse may have on the unbeliever. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary suggests that Paul is advocating for a realist approach, acknowledging the believer’s influence but also recognizing the mysterious workings of God in personal salvation. Other commentators like John Calvin have underscored the limits of human efforts in spiritual matters, directing believers to rest in God’s providence.