What does 1 Corinthians 7:21 mean?

Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather. 1 Corinthians 7:21

Explanation

1 Corinthians 7:21 focuses on the topic of servitude and freedom in the context of Christian life. In this verse, Apostle Paul is addressing a widespread condition of the time—slavery. The verse literally advises those who are slaves or servants and are called into the Christian faith not to be overly concerned about their social status. Instead, Paul stresses that if an opportunity for freedom arises, they should take advantage of it. The deeper meaning here is that regardless of one’s earthly status, it is the spiritual calling and freedom in Christ that are most important. Paul is not encouraging revolting against the institution of slavery but rather sharing a perspective that transcends social conditions and focuses on the higher calling of God.

Historical Context

During the time 1 Corinthians was written (approximately 53-54 A.D.), slavery was a common part of the social fabric in the Roman Empire. Slaves ranged from individuals who worked in harsh conditions to those who held significant responsibilities in their owners’ households. Being a letter to the church in Corinth, Paul’s writings responded to questions from the Corinthian believers—including how Christians should handle social distinctions like slavery. The verse reflects the complex nature of early Christian ethics, which often had to navigate existing social structures.

Theological Insights

Different theological viewpoints may interpret this verse in various ways:

• Traditional Interpretation: Maintains that Paul’s directive was an acceptance of the status quo, where freedom should be embraced if presented, but servitude should not hinder one’s relationship with God.

• Liberation Theology: Emphasizes the aspect of freedom, suggesting the verse is an encouragement for societal change and liberation from all forms of bondage, including political and economic oppression.

• Social Justice Perspective: Views the verse as advocating for making the most of one’s situation to bring about changes that align with the justice and righteousness of God.

Each viewpoint draws from Paul’s overarching narrative of Christian freedom that transcends earthy circumstances and his pastoral concern for practical living within the current societal structure.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, this verse can be applied to modern life in the following ways:

• Workplace: Individuals should carry out their professional roles with diligence and integrity regardless of their position, but they should also seek to improve their circumstances when opportunities arise.

• Contentment: People can learn to find contentment and purpose in their current situations while maintaining the hope and pursuit of positive change.

• Social Advocacy: Encourages active participation in advocating for societal structures that allow for personal and communal freedom and dignity.

Cross-References

Relevant cross-references include:

• Galatians 3:28: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.”

• Ephesians 6:9: “And, ye masters, do the same things unto them, forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in heaven; neither is there respect of persons with him.”

• Colossians 3:23-24: “And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men; Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ.”

Language Study

• “Servant”: The Greek word for “servant” here is “doulos,” which can mean slave, one who is in servitude, or one who submits to another’s will.

• “Called”: In this context, “called” refers to being called to Christianity or a life following Christ.

• “Care not for it”: The phrase implies not to be overly concerned or distressed.

• “Mayest be made free”: The Greek suggests the possibility of being liberated or released from bondage.

• “Use it rather”: An encouragement to embrace freedom if it becomes available.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing 1 Corinthians 7:21 to other ancient texts:

• Stoic Philosophy: Stoicism, a contemporary philosophy of Paul’s time, also emphasized inner freedom and contentment irrespective of external circumstances, aligning with the idea that personal status does not dictate spiritual freedom.

• Jewish Tradition: Jewish law contained provisions for the humane treatment of slaves and their eventual release, which may have influenced early Christian thought concerning servitude.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern psychology and sociology could interpret this verse in light of human motivation and well-being. Studies have shown that the pursuit of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential for psychological health. This verse might be seen as an acknowledgment that while a person’s situation may not define their value or potential for happiness, freedom and self-determination are fundamental human desires that can contribute to overall well-being.

Commentaries

Numerous Bible scholars and theologians have commented on this verse:

• John Calvin: Suggested that Paul’s advice implies that earthly servitude is of little consequence in the kingdom of God, but if one can gain freedom, they can better serve God.

• Charles Spurgeon: Emphasized that the Christian’s highest duty is to God, and earthly statuses are secondary considerations in light of God’s ultimate authority.

• N.T. Wright: Points out that while Paul does not directly challenge the institution of slavery, his teachings laid down principles that would ultimately undermine it, as seen in his emphasis on equality in Christ.