What does 1 Corinthians 7:3 mean?

Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband. 1 Corinthians 7:3

Explanation

The verse 1 Corinthians 7:3 is a specific instruction to married couples regarding their marital responsibilities towards one another. The phrase “due benevolence” is interpreted as the mutual obligation of husband and wife to engage in marital relations, reflecting affection and fulfilling conjugal rights. This directive emphasizes that in a marriage, both partners are to consider the needs and desires of the other, pointing to a balanced and reciprocal relationship. The deeper meaning here is the idea of selflessness and mutual respect within the bond of marriage, affirming the intimacy and unique partnership that marriage entails.

Historical Context

This verse is part of the Apostle Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians, a Christian community in Corinth around 55 AD. The letter was written in a Greco-Roman context where various philosophies and sexual ethics were prevalent. In Corinth, a city known for its sexual immorality, Paul’s teachings offered a distinctive Christian perspective on marriage and sexual relations, countering both hedonistic practices and ascetic overreactions which devalued marital intimacy.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, this verse supports the sanctity of marriage. Different viewpoints see it emphasizing various aspects of theology:

• The traditional view upholds the idea of marriage as a covenant with specific duties and privileges.
• Complementarian theologians would see this mutual submission as reflecting different, but complementary roles within marriage.
• Egalitarian theologians stress the equal consideration and mutual submission required by both partners, regardless of gender.
• Some interpret the phrase “due benevolence” as implying that the marriage bed should not merely be about duty, but also about genuine affection and love.

Practical Applications

In daily life, 1 Corinthians 7:3 advises couples to prioritize each other’s emotional and physical needs. This could translate into regular communication to understand these needs, demonstrating affection, and being considerate partners. Respecting this principle fosters stronger, more loving relationships and builds a foundation of trust and mutual care within the marriage.

Cross-References

• Ephesians 5:28: “So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself.”
• Hebrews 13:4: “Marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.”
• 1 Peter 3:7: “Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered.”

Language Study

The key phrase in the original Greek text is “τὴν ὀφειλομένην εὔνοιαν” (tēn opheilomenēn eunoian), which literally translates to “the owed goodwill” or “that which is owed in kindness,” meaning the commitment to fulfill marital duties with a gracious and loving attitude rather than out of mere obligation.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient Greco-Roman culture, marriage was often more about social contracts and less about mutual affection. Paul’s emphasis on mutual benevolence within marriage marked a distinct shift towards a more relational approach. In comparison with other religions, Christianity’s introduction of mutual consideration in marital relations was progressive for its time, as many cultures often saw women’s roles as submissive without emphasizing mutual obligations.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern psychology supports the idea that mutual affection and understanding are critical for a healthy marital relationship. The concept of “due benevolence” aligns with evidence-based practices that encourage emotional intimacy and physical closeness as means of strengthening marital bonds and ensuring psychological well-being.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and commentators have offered insights on this verse:

• Matthew Henry’s Commentary emphasizes the “marriage debt” – a metaphor that Paul uses to illustrate the seriousness of marital responsibilities.
• John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible points out that “due benevolence” is to be interpreted within the context of reasonable and lawful desires.
• The MacArthur Study Bible notes stress upon the reciprocal nature of the marriage relationship as taught in this verse, contrasting worldly views that emphasize self-gratification over spouse consideration.