What does 1 Peter 3:11 mean?

Let him eschew evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it. 1 Peter 3:11

Explanation

1 Peter 3:11 is a directive that serves to succinctly encapsulate essential moral conduct from a Christian perspective. It urges one to consciously avoid evil, not just passively but actively by doing good. Furthermore, it emphasizes the pursuit of peace as a deliberate action. In a deeper sense, ‘eschewing evil’ represents a turning away from behaviors and thoughts that are in opposition to God’s will, while ‘doing good’ suggests embodying behaviors that reflect God’s character and commands. The latter part of the verse, ‘seeking peace and ensue it,’ goes beyond merely desiring peaceful relations; it suggests that one should actively strive to create and maintain peace in their interactions with others.

Historical Context

The First Epistle of Peter is generally understood to have been written by the Apostle Peter, one of Jesus’ original disciples, sometime around 60-65 AD. The audience of the letter were Christians dispersed throughout Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) who were experiencing various forms of persecution and suffering. The verse in question is part of a larger section of the epistle in which Peter is offering counsel on how Christians should conduct themselves amidst their adversities, particularly with respect to non-Christians who may malign their faith or treat them with hostility. The guidance provided is meant to ensure that the conduct of Christians is above reproach and ultimately serves as a witness to the faith they profess.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, this verse in 1 Peter 3:11 is often discussed in light of the Christian calling to sanctification—the process of being made holy—which involves a moral transformation that reflects the character of God. It presents the idea that Christians are to be active participants in their spiritual growth and in promoting peace and goodness in the world. It touches on the theme of Christian witness, where the conduct of believers serves as a form of non-verbal evangelism, potentially leading others towards faith. Various denominations might highlight different aspects of this verse, but it is typically seen as critical in the formation of Christian ethics.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, this verse can serve as a personal ethical guideline for daily living. ‘Eschewing evil’ involves making conscious choices against actions and words that harm others or oneself or that contradict one’s values and beliefs. ‘Doing good’ can translate into engaging in acts of kindness, generosity, and service. Seeking and ensuing peace means working towards reconciliation and understanding in interpersonal relationships, within communities, and even on a global scale. This could extend to efforts in conflict resolution, advocating for social justice, or spreading a spirit of goodwill in everyday interactions.

Cross-References

• Romans 12:9 – “Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.”
• Hebrews 12:14 – “Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord:”
• Psalm 34:14 – “Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it.”
• Matthew 5:9 – “Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.”
• Romans 14:19 – “Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another.”

Language Study

The original Greek language of 1 Peter adds particular nuance to this verse. The term for ‘eschew’ is ‘ἐκκλίνω’ (ekklinō), meaning to turn aside or avoid. The word for ‘evil’ is ‘κακός’ (kakos), which encompasses more than just moral evil—it can refer to anything harmful or injurious. ‘Do good’ comes from ‘ἀγαθοποιέω’ (agathopoieō), which implies not just doing things that are good, but actively promoting goodness. ‘Seek’ is ‘ζητέω’ (zēteō), indicating an active effort or quest, while ‘ensue’ is a translation of ‘διώκω’ (diōkō), commonly to mean pursue or chase after. These words collectively emphasize an active, rather than passive, stance in one’s conduct.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The call to eschew evil and do good is a universal theme in many ancient religions and philosophies. For instance, the concept of ‘Maat’ in ancient Egyptian religion emphasized harmony and balance which includes moral righteousness. Zoroastrianism places a strong emphasis on the cosmic struggle between good and evil, and adherence to good thoughts, words, and deeds. In Buddhism, right action and right intention are parts of the Eightfold Path, aligning with the ideas of avoiding harm and doing good. Each of these systems shares an understanding of ethical duty that aligns with the principles expressed in 1 Peter 3:11.

Scientific Perspectives

While the verse does not directly engage with scientific fields, its principles touch on areas studied in psychology and sociology, particularly the effects of altruistic behavior on social groups and individual well-being. Empirical studies often show that prosocial behaviors like doing good and seeking peace contribute positively to mental health, societal functioning, and can foster cooperative and thriving communities. This scientific perspective supports the moral teachings of the verse by demonstrating the tangible benefits of these ethical behaviors in humans’ social and psychological constructs.

Commentaries

Scholars and theologians offer various interpretations of this verse. Matthew Henry’s Commentary emphasizes the transformation in behavior and disposition that signifies genuine conversion to Christianity. The Expositor’s Greek Testament notes the theme of patient endurance and commendable behavior in the face of suffering. John Calvin speaks of the importance of a peaceful disposition which leads believers not just to avoid revenge but to return good for evil. While perspectives vary, a common thread among them is the importance of this verse in guiding Christian ethical behavior and its potential to positively influence the wider community.