What does 1 Peter 3:6 mean?

Even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose daughters ye are, as long as ye do well, and are not afraid with any amazement. 1 Peter 3:6

Explanation

1 Peter 3:6 refers to the relationship between Sarah and Abraham in the Old Testament to illustrate the concept of submission within marriage, as viewed by the apostle Peter. In the verse, Sarah’s obedience to Abraham is cited as an example for Christian wives, suggesting that they should respect their husbands’ leadership in the same way. The term “lord” in this context is not literally about servitude but rather a term of respect and honor that Sarah used for Abraham, embodying a traditional view of marital relations. The verse states that women who follow Sarah’s example become her daughters if they do good and are not hindered by fear.

Historical Context

This verse is part of a larger section within 1 Peter that addresses how Christians are to behave in various social structures, including among citizens, slaves, and spouses. Written by the apostle Peter, this epistle is generally dated to the late first century, during a time when the Christian church was facing persecution. The instructions given regarding submission in various social roles, including marriage, are thought to be a way to encourage peaceable behavior that would not incite additional persecution.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, different denominations interpret the submission discussed in 1 Peter 3:6 in various ways. Some view it as a timeless principle that should be maintained in all Christian marriages, emphasizing a hierarchy in which the husband leads and the wife follows. Others interpret it as culturally bound to the first-century context and suggest that mutual submission between spouses is a more appropriate application for contemporary marriages. The text raises key concepts about authority, respect, and fear in relationships that have been widely discussed among theologians.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, this verse is sometimes cited in discussions about marriage roles. For those who view it as applicable today, it might inform how they approach decision-making and conflict resolution within marriages, prompting a respectful and compliant attitude. However, even those who may not adhere to the strict traditional interpretation can still draw upon the principles of respect and fearlessness in their relationships. The call to “do well” can be understood as an encouragement to engage in acts of kindness and goodness, both within marriage and outwardly.

Cross-References

• Ephesians 5:22-23, “Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church…”
• Genesis 18:12, “Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?”
• Titus 2:4-5, “That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to love their children, To be discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands…”

Language Study

The Greek term translated as “lord” in the phrase “calling him lord” is “κύριον” (kurion), denoting master or sir—a title of respect. The phrase “ye are,” from “whose daughters ye are,” in Greek is “γίνεσθε” (ginesthe), which connotes becoming or being recognized as. The term “amazement” is from the Greek “πτόησιν” (ptoēsin), signifying consternation or sudden fear—suggesting an emotional response that can interfere with proper conduct.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Similar themes of marital submission and respect for husbands can be found in several ancient cultures and religions. For instance, ancient Greco-Roman households often operated under a “paterfamilias” system where the male head had significant authority over family members. In Judaism, the reverence Sarah had for Abraham is a model of faithful obedience and respect. In various cultures and religions, both ancient and modern, the dynamic between husband and wife has often reflected societal structures and values regarding gender and hierarchy.

Scientific Perspectives

The scientific community, particularly in the fields of psychology and sociology, might analyze the concepts presented in 1 Peter 3:6 in terms of gender roles, social dynamics, and human behavior. Research on marital satisfaction, power dynamics, and the psychological effects of perceived inequality could all be relevant when considering the modern interpretations and applications of verses like this. However, scientific approaches to understanding marital relationships are generally descriptive and empirical rather than prescriptive, as is this passage.

Commentaries

Commentators have varied in their interpretations and applications of 1 Peter 3:6. Some traditional commentators like Matthew Henry emphasize the obedience and respect that Sarah showed Abraham, applying it as a standard for Christian wives. More contemporary scholarship, such as that found in the “New International Commentary on the New Testament,” often seeks to understand the verse within its first-century cultural context, with a nuanced view on applying the principle in today’s society. They might suggest that the verse reflects a transformation of societal norms into a Christian ethos that upholds mutual care and respect within marriage.