What does 1 Peter 5:14 mean?

Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen. 1 Peter 5:14

Explanation

[Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen.] This verse from 1 Peter 5:14 concludes the first epistle of Peter. It is a directive for believers to demonstrate their love and affection for one another in a pure, brotherly way, symbolized by a “kiss of charity.” This gesture of love and greeting is meant to reflect the selfless and sacrificial love that Christians are expected to show one another. Moreover, it is a benediction of peace to all who are united in Christ Jesus. The word “Amen” signifies the truth and faithfulness of the message, marking not only the end of the letter but also reinforcing the sincerity of the apostle’s wish for his readers.

Historical Context

At the time of writing, the early Christian community often faced persecution and adversity, making mutual support crucial for their survival and growth. The apostle Peter, who is traditionally believed to be the author of this epistle, writes to the dispersed Christians across various regions, encouraging them to endure suffering and be steadfast in their faith. The social practice of greeting one another with a kiss was a common cultural norm in the Near East, but when used in the Christian context, it took on a deeper significance of spiritual kinship and fellowship.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, the “kiss of charity” represents the love and unity that should characterize Christian relationships. This verse reflects the New Testament’s frequent call to believers to love one another (John 13:34-35). It also ties into the theology of peace—shalom in Hebrew—which is more than the absence of conflict; it is the presence of wholeness, completeness, and harmony in relationships. Those “in Christ Jesus” share a communal bond that transcends cultural and social barriers, embodying the peace that Christ himself brought through his life, death, and resurrection.

Practical Applications

Practically speaking, the teaching of this verse can be applied in daily life by emphasizing the importance of greeting each other warmly and fostering a sense of community. Although the literal kiss may not be culturally appropriate in all contexts today, the underlying principle of demonstrating genuine affection and concern for fellow believers is timeless. This might manifest through acts of kindness, words of encouragement, and support in times of need, as well as pursuing reconciliation and unity within the church.

Cross-References

• Romans 16:16: “Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.”
• 1 Corinthians 16:20: “All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss.”
• 2 Corinthians 13:12: “Greet one another with an holy kiss.”
• 1 Thessalonians 5:26: “Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss.”
• John 13:34-35: “A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, “a kiss of charity” is phrased as “φιλήματι ἀγάπης” (philēmati agapēs). “φίλημα” (philēma) means “kiss,” and is often used to signify affection or greeting. “ἀγάπη” (agapē) refers to love, but more specifically a selfless, sacrificial love that is not based on feelings but on a willful decision to seek the best for others. The term is a hallmark of Christian love, different from other Greek terms for love, such as “eros” (romantic love) or “philia” (brotherly love).

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures, a kiss was a common form of greeting. For example, in the Greco-Roman world, it could signify respect, allegiance, or reconciliation. In the religious context of Judaism, peace greetings were also common, as seen in several Old Testament passages where individuals greet each other with words of peace. The Christian use of the kiss as a sign of charity distinguishes itself by its focus on brotherly love within the faith community.

Scientific Perspectives

Scientifically, physical gestures of greeting like kissing or hugging have been shown to release oxytocin, sometimes known as the “love hormone,” which plays a role in bonding and trust. While the exact practices may vary in contemporary culture, the positive effects of nurturing touch and warm greetings on psychological well-being and social bonding are well-documented, aligning with the intent behind the apostolic instruction to greet one another with a kiss of charity.

Commentaries

Various biblical commentators have elaborated on this verse:

• Matthew Henry’s Commentary emphasizes that the kiss must be sincere, a true emblem of love, without hypocrisy.
• John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible suggests the kiss symbolizes peace and amity, and also points out that it was an outward sign of an inward grace and union.
• The Pulpit Commentary notes that the “kiss of charity” implies a holy kiss—free from deceit and ulterior motives.
• William Barclay in his Daily Study Bible Series highlights the cultural context, mentioning that the early Christian kiss was a transformed and sanctified version of a common social custom.

These commentaries generally agree that the focus of 1 Peter 5:14 is on the genuine love that believers should express in their relationships with one another.