What does 2 Corinthians 4:7 mean?

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But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us. 2 Corinthians 4:7

Explanation

The verse “But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us.” (2 Corinthians 4:7 KJV) suggests a metaphorical contrast between the value of the gospel (treasure) and the human condition (earthen vessels). Paul is emphasizing that the transformative power of the message of Christ does not come from the messengers themselves, who are fragile and imperfect (like clay jars), but from God. The “treasure” metaphor likely refers to the knowledge of Jesus Christ and the glory of God. The “earthen vessels,” being commonplace and easily broken, illustrate the Apostle Paul’s view of human transience and vulnerability. In saying this, Paul highlights that any effectiveness of their ministry is attributed to God’s power, not their own abilities.

Historical Context

The Apostle Paul wrote the second letter to the Corinthians in the first century A.D., possibly around 55 to 57 A.D., addressing the Christian community in Corinth. During this time, there were challenges to Paul’s apostolic authority and questions about his credibility. There was a cultural value placed on rhetorical skill, physical appearance, and societal status—traits that Paul either did not exemplify or did not prioritize. This letter reaffirms Paul’s role as a true apostle of Jesus Christ and emphasizes the sentiment that the power of the gospel is not contingent on human prowess or presentation.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse encapsulates the concept of divine power manifesting through human weakness. It reverberates with the theology of the cross, where God’s ways are not human ways, and divine strength is displayed in what the world considers weak. The concept is characteristic of Pauline theology where he speaks of ‘grace being sufficient’ and ‘power being perfected in weakness’ (2 Corinthians 12:9). Different theological viewpoints, such as Calvinist, Arminian, or Eastern Orthodox, might emphasize particular aspects of divine sovereignty, human agency, or the mystery of God’s workings through flawed humans, respectively.

Practical Applications

The teachings of this verse can be applied to daily life by encouraging individuals to view their weaknesses and limitations not as impediments to God’s work, but as opportunities for His power to be shown. It promotes humility and dependence on God in service and ministry, recognizing that success in spiritual endeavors is due to divine intervention rather than personal merit. It also can encourage resilience in the face of challenges, knowing that fragility does not disqualify from God’s use but rather can amplify His strength.

Cross-References

“And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.” (2 Corinthians 12:9)
“For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.” (2 Corinthians 4:6)
“But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us.” (2 Corinthians 4:7)
“For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus’ sake.” (2 Corinthians 4:5)

Language Study

In this verse, examining some of the Greek words used is insightful:

“Treasure” (θησαυρός – thesauros) signifies riches or wealth, highlighting the value and importance of the gospel message.
“Earthen vessels” (ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν – ostrakinous skeuesin) literally refers to clay pots, which were common and inexpensive household items in the ancient world, known for their fragility.
“Excellency” (ὑπερβολὴ – hyperbole) means ‘excess’ or ‘surpassing nature,’ implying that the power inherent in the gospel exceeds normal human expectations or abilities.
“Power” (δύναμις – dynamis) often refers to strength or ability, but in the New Testament, it is commonly associated with the miraculous power of God.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparatively, the use of vessels as metaphors can be found in various ancient cultures, where vessels often symbolized containment of value. For instance, in Greek mythology, Pandora’s box (actually a jar) held all the evils of the world, symbolizing the hidden nature of those evils until released. In the context of religious interpretations, other traditions also use the imagery of vessels to symbolize humans as carriers of the divine or spirit, such as in Hinduism where the body is sometimes seen as a vessel for Atman, the soul.

Scientific Perspectives

From a modern scientific perspective, the metaphor of “earthen vessels” finds a partial analogy in the concept of human beings as biological organisms—complex systems made from basic elements that can support and transmit life and consciousness. While Paul’s intent wasn’t to provide a scientific analysis, modern science underscores the notion that human beings, despite their fragility and commonality, are capable of incredible things—much like unassuming clay pots can hold precious contents.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians offer insights into this verse:

John Calvin comments on the paradox of the gospel’s treasure within our weak nature, underscoring God’s power and the humility required of messengers.
Matthew Henry reflects on the duty and privilege of spreading the gospel, despite the weakness of those who carry it, noting it pleases God to use human instruments for His glory.
F.F. Bruce discusses the metaphorical earthen vessels, pointing out that it is the content, not the container, that is of supreme value—emphasizing the message over the messenger.
Gordon D. Fee highlights Paul’s focus on the power that comes from God and ensures that the noteworthiness of such surpassing power lies in God and not in the apostles themselves.