What does 2 Corinthians 5:18 mean?

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And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation; 2 Corinthians 5:18

Explanation

2 Corinthians 5:18 emphasizes the concept of reconciliation between humanity and God through Jesus Christ. This verse asserts that God initiated the reconciliation process by sending Jesus to mend the broken relationship caused by sin. The term “reconciled” suggests a restoration to favor or the reestablishment of a relationship that had been disrupted. In essence, through Christ’s sacrificial death and resurrection, believers are no longer estranged from God but are now in a harmonious relationship with Him. The latter part of the verse introduces the idea that believers are entrusted with the “ministry of reconciliation,” which means that they are called to share the message of reconciliation with others, encouraging them to also restore their relationship with God through Jesus Christ.

Historical Context

This verse comes from the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, a letter written by the Apostle Paul in the first century A.D., likely between 55 and 57 A.D. The letter addresses the Christian community in the city of Corinth, a cosmopolitan city in ancient Greece. This verse is a part of a larger discussion in which Paul is defending his ministry and apostleship against some in the Corinthian church who questioned his authority and motives. Paul emphasizes that his message and work are divinely given and reflect the transformative power of God’s grace in reconciling sinners to Himself.

Theological Insights

From various theological perspectives, 2 Corinthians 5:18 provides significant insights into the nature of salvation and the role of believers. Calvinist theology might highlight that reconciliation is an act of God’s sovereign will, with no human works preceding divine grace. Arminian thought could emphasize human response to God’s offer of reconciliation. Catholic theology would incorporate this verse into the broader sacramental system, where the ministry of reconciliation includes the sacrament of penance. All these perspectives agree, however, that the work of Jesus Christ is central to the reconciliation process.

Practical Applications

The practical applications of this verse are numerous. Christians are called to be ambassadors for Christ, sharing the gospel message and living lives that exemplify forgiveness and reconciliation. This includes a commitment to resolving personal conflicts, seeking forgiveness where needed, and offering it to others. On a broader scale, the ministry of reconciliation can inspire efforts towards social justice, community building, and peacemaking, reflecting the reconciled relationship between humanity and God in social relations.

Cross-References

“To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation.” (2 Corinthians 5:19)
“And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven.” (Colossians 1:20)
“Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.” (Romans 12:20)

Language Study

The Greek term translated as “reconciled” (καταλλάσσω, katallássō) implies a change or exchange, particularly a restoration to favor in a relationship. “Reconciliation” (καταλλαγή, katallagē) further explores this concept, describing the restoration itself. “Ministry” (διακονία, diakonía) suggests service or the act of serving, indicating that believers are called to serve the message and work of reconciliation actively.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The idea of reconciliation and restored relationships can be found in various ancient myths and religions. For instance, the Egyptian myth of Isis and Osiris dealt with the restoration of order after chaos. However, the Christian concept of reconciliation through a divine mediator, Jesus Christ, is distinctive in its universality and sacrificial nature. Unlike myths where the gods often require humans to appease them through various means, Christianity presents God taking the first step towards humans in a gesture of grace.

Scientific Perspectives

The concept of reconciliation does not directly intersect with scientific inquiries, as it deals with spiritual and moral understandings rather than empirical studies. However, the impact of religious beliefs on psychological well-being can be of interest to science. Some studies have shown that practices rooted in forgiveness and reconciliation can lead to better mental health outcomes, suggesting that the application of this verse may have tangible benefits in human psychological experiences.

Commentaries

Commentaries on this verse generally concur that Paul is affirming the totality of God’s work through Christ to reconcile the world to Himself. Renowned Bible commentator Matthew Henry emphasizes the gracious nature of God in providing reconciliation. The Expositor’s Greek Testament notes the apostolic role in communicating the message of reconciliation to others. Modern commentaries like the New International Commentary on the New Testament highlight the paradigm shift from a state of enmity with God to one of peace and friendship through Christ’s sacrificial love.