What does 2 Peter 1:3 mean?

According as his divine power hath given unto us all things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and virtue: 2 Peter 1:3

Explanation

This verse from the Apostle Peter’s second epistle is one of great encouragement and theological depth. It proclaims that God, through His divine power, has granted believers everything necessary for life and godliness. The means of receiving such provisions is through the knowledge of God, especially the knowledge of Jesus Christ who calls individuals to a life exemplifying His glory and virtue.

The focus here is not just on basic survival (“life”) but on a life that reflects the moral excellence (“godliness”) found in Christ. This reflects the Christian concept of sanctification, the process of becoming more like Christ in character and actions.

The phrase “according to” signifies that the provision is consistent with and arises from the divine nature of God’s power. There is an implication of sufficiency; nothing more is needed beyond what God has provided. The reference to “knowledge of Him” underscores the importance of an intimate relationship with God for spiritual development.

Historical Context

2 Peter is generally dated to the late first century. Peter, one of Jesus’ original disciples, is traditionally believed to be the author, although some scholars question this. The epistle addresses false teachers and encourages believers to grow in faith and knowledge despite opposition and heresies.

The early Christian communities faced persecution from Roman authorities, as well as internal challenges from false teachings. These threats to the Christian faith provide the background against which Peter assures believers of the divine resources available to them.

Theological Insights

From an evangelical perspective, this verse underscores the doctrine of sufficiency of Scripture, suggesting that through the Bible, believers have the guidance necessary for living a godly life. The phrase “divine power” can be interpreted as a reference to the Holy Spirit, indicating that the ability to live a Christian life is enabled by His indwelling presence.

In a broader Christian context, the knowledge of God is often seen as a transformative experience, not merely informational but relational and experiential. The calling to glory and virtue highlights a Christian’s vocation to reflect Christ’s attributes.

From a more critical or liberal theological standpoint, some may interpret this verse as an exhortation toward moral excellence separate from doctrinal correctness, focusing on the ethical implications of knowing God rather than asserting the necessity of specific beliefs.

Practical Applications

Practically speaking, 2 Peter 1:3 encourages believers to rely on God’s provisions rather than their own strength. It invites Christians to delve more deeply into the knowledge of God through prayer, study of the Scriptures, and fellowship. It also acts as a reminder to pursue a life marked by godly character, engaging in acts of virtue and reflecting the glory of Christ in daily living.

Cross-References

• Philippians 4:19: “But my God shall supply all your need according to his riches in glory by Christ Jesus.”
• Ephesians 1:3: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ.”
• John 17:3: “And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.”
• Colossians 2:3: “In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”

Language Study

The Greek term “ἐπίγνωσις” (epignosis) is often translated as “knowledge”, but more accurately means a precise and correct knowledge, emphasizing a fuller or deeper acquaintance with the subject. This is notable because it suggests a knowledge that is not shallow or simply factual, but rich and transformative.

The Greek word for “power” is “δύναμις” (dunamis), which can imply miraculous power, strength, or ability. It is the same word from which we derive dynamic or dynamite, suggesting a potent and effective force.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient mythology, gods often provided gifts to humans, though usually in a capricious manner. The idea of divine provision in 2 Peter differs in that it is rooted in the benevolent nature of one God and is offered to all who come to know Him through Christ.

Comparing with other religious traditions, the concept of divine provision is present in various forms. For instance, in Hinduism, grace or blessings from deities play a role in spiritual development. However, the exclusivity of the Christian claim — that such provision is accessible specifically through the knowledge of Christ — is unique.

Scientific Perspectives

While the verse doesn’t directly intersect with scientific understandings, the emphasis on knowledge can be seen as an endorsement of the pursuit of truth – a common value shared with the scientific endeavor. Additionally, the concept of a morally charged life relating to “godliness” and “virtue”, may intersect with psychological research into human well-being and moral development.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians have offered insights into 2 Peter 1:3:

• John Calvin saw the “knowledge of God” as foundational, stating that all things necessary for spiritual life and piety are derived from Christ.
• Matthew Henry commented on the adequacy of what has been provided through Christ, which equips believers for every condition and prepares them for eternity.
• William Barclay emphasized the practical outworking of this divine power, suggesting that the Christian life is not achieved by human effort but by the power of God.
• Contemporary scholars like N.T. Wright often focus on the transformational aspect of this knowledge, proposing that knowing God through Jesus Christ changes a person’s entire outlook and behavior.