What does Hebrews 11:33 mean?

Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, Hebrews 11:33

Explanation

The verse Hebrews 11:33 highlights the power of faith in the life of believers, as seen in the accounts of various figures from the Old Testament. The actions listed – subduing kingdoms, working righteousness, obtaining promises, and stopping the mouths of lions – are examples of the remarkable deeds achieved through faith in God. The chapter from which this verse comes is often referred to as the “Faith Hall of Fame,” as it recounts the faith-driven accomplishments of several biblical heroes.

Historical Context

Hebrews 11 is part of a New Testament epistle written to a group of Jewish Christians who were facing persecution due to their faith. This letter encourages them to remain steadfast by reminding them of the faith and endurance of their ancestors. The events described in the verse refer to Old Testament accounts, such as the conquests by Israelite leaders, acts of the prophets, and the story of Daniel in the lions’ den.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse demonstrates the belief in the power of faith to grant believers the strength to overcome insurmountable challenges. It implies that faith is not passive but manifests in actions that align with God’s will. It also suggests that through faith, believers are part of a continuum of God’s faithful servants throughout history, and that God is faithful to His promises.

Practical Applications

The teachings in this verse can be practically applied to encourage believers in moments of doubt or fear. It serves as a reminder that faith can empower individuals to face various trials and to act in righteousness. Moreover, it provides comfort in knowing that the challenges faced are not new and that others have overcome similar situations through their trust in God.

Cross-References

• Daniel 6:22 (stopped the mouths of lions): “My God hath sent his angel, and hath shut the lions’ mouths, that they have not hurt me: forasmuch as before him innocency was found in me; and also before thee, O king, have I done no hurt.”
• Joshua 21:45 (obtained promises): “There failed not ought of any good thing which the LORD had spoken unto the house of Israel; all came to pass.”
• 2 Chronicles 20:20 (subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness): “Believe in the LORD your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, so shall ye prosper.”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the word for “subdued” (κατεγωνίσαντο) suggests a struggle or combat, metaphorically indicating overcoming difficulties. “Wrought righteousness” (εἰργάσαντο δικαιοσύνην) involves an active endeavor to achieve a state or condition of righteousness. “Obtained promises” (ἐπέτυχον ἐπαγγελιῶν) refers to receiving what was promised. The phrase “stopped the mouths of lions” (ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων) uses vivid imagery to describe silencing or rendering harmless the most dangerous of adversaries.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Similar themes of heroic faith can be found in various ancient cultures where figures confront supernatural powers or dangerous beasts. For instance, in Greek mythology, Hercules faced and overcame the Nemean lion, while in the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh and Enkidu fought and killed the monstrous guardian Humbaba.

Scientific Perspectives

While the actions described in this verse are often miraculous and transcend natural laws, they speak to broader themes that intersect with modern understandings of psychology. The concept of faith can be related to the psychological notion of belief and its impact on human behavior and resilience. Furthermore, scientific studies on the placebo effect align with how belief and expectation can significantly influence physical reality.

Commentaries

• Matthew Henry’s Commentary notes the profound impact faith has on the conduct of believers and how it has enabled them to achieve things which seem impossible.
• The Pulpit Commentary emphasizes the diversity of experiences that faith touches upon—from public achievements like subduing kingdoms to personal victories such as escaping the mouths of lions.
• John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible interprets this verse in light of God working through the faith of these individuals, attributing the glory not to human heroes but to divine providence.

Experts often see this verse as one that conveys the extraordinary deeds that faith enables, connecting stories across the Old Testament accounts with the experiences of the early Christians to whom the letter was addressed. They generally agree that the author’s intention is to inspire and bolster the faith of the audience by reminding them of the spiritual heritage they share with these figures.