What does Hebrews 11:35 mean?

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Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection: Hebrews 11:35

Explanation

Hebrews 11:35 is part of a larger passage often referred to as the “faith hall of fame” or the “faith chapter” in the book of Hebrews. This particular verse speaks to instances of profound faith exhibited by individuals, particularly women, in the face of extreme adversity. The first part of the verse refers to women who saw the miraculous return to life of their loved ones, pointing to a strong belief in God’s power over death. The second part of the verse speaks to those who endured torture and refused to renounce their faith to gain temporal freedom, indicating a belief in a greater reward beyond this life – a “better resurrection.”

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Historical Context

The book of Hebrews was written to a community of Jewish Christians who faced persecution and were tempted to return to Judaism to escape hardship. The precise date and authorship are unknown, but it is generally believed to have been written in the latter half of the first century AD. This verse seeks to encourage the readers by reminding them of their ancestors’ faith and the eternal rewards promised to them. The reference to women receiving their dead raised to life again may allude to stories from the Old Testament, such as the widow of Zarephath (1 Kings 17) and the Shunammite woman (2 Kings 4).

Theological Insights

This verse can be examined from several theological perspectives. From a Christian point of view, it emphasizes the cardinal virtue of faith and the belief in eternal life. It also reflects the idea of resurrection, which is central to Christian eschatology. In a broader sense, the verse showcases martyrdom’s value in the early Christian community, where enduring suffering for one’s faith was seen as a path to glory and closer communion with God.

Practical Applications

Personally, Hebrews 11:35 may serve as an encouragement to remain steadfast in one’s convictions despite difficulties or persecution. It also emphasizes the value of spiritual integrity over temporal relief. In a societal context, this passage can inspire communities to uphold justice and truth, even when it is costly. It challenges individuals to consider the long-term consequences of their actions over immediate ease or comfort.

Cross-References

1 Kings 17:17-24 – The story of Elijah raising the widow’s son.
2 Kings 4:32-37 – The story of Elisha raising the Shunammite woman’s son.
Daniel 3:28 – Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego’s deliverance from the fiery furnace as a result of their faith.
Matthew 5:11-12 – Jesus speaks of the blessings for those who are persecuted for righteousness.
Revelation 20:4 – Reference to the idea of a “first resurrection” for those martyred for their faith in Christ.

Language Study

In the original Greek, key words in this verse carry significant weight:

“Women” (Greek: γυναῖκες, “gunaikes”): This emphasizes that faith is not gender-specific and that women played a vital role in the biblical narrative of faith.
“Tortured” (Greek: ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, “etympanisthesan”): This term has a connotation of severe suffering and indicates physical punishment.
“Accepting” (Greek: δεχόμενοι, “dechomenoi”): This denotes a wilful reception or consent, implying that the individuals had a choice and chose faith.
“Deliverance” (Greek: λύτρωσιν, “lytrosis”): Used here, it indicates temporal salvation or relief from suffering.
“Better” (Greek: κρείττονος, “kreittonos”): Signifies superiority, in this context, a superior (eternal) outcome.
“Resurrection” (Greek: ἀνάστασιν, “anastasin”): A foundational concept in Christian theology referring to rising from the dead.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Other ancient religions also have themes of resurrection or afterlife, such as the Egyptian belief in the afterlife where the dead would live a new life after judgment or the Greek concept of the Elysian Fields for the heroic or virtuous. However, the Christian notion is distinct in its personal and physical understanding of resurrection, as well as in the connection to personal faith and martyrdom.

Scientific Perspectives

Science does not substantiate life after death or the concept of resurrection in a literal sense. Such beliefs remain within the realm of faith and theology. However, the psychological benefits of having faith and a hopeful outlook on life and death are acknowledged by scientific studies, which find that faith can contribute to better mental health and coping mechanisms in the face of adversity.

Commentaries

Various commentaries offer insights into Hebrews 11:35. Matthew Henry’s commentary emphasizes the steadfastness of faith shown by the believers mentioned in the verse, who “conquered their sufferings.” The MacArthur Bible Commentary suggests that the faith exhibited is an example to be followed, demonstrating that “true faith does not always deliver from death, but it always delivers through death.” Other scholars emphasize the anticipation of a heavenly reward that surpasses earthly suffering. There’s a consensus among commentators that this verse serves to bolster the faith of believers by reminding them of the ultimate victory in Christ.