What does Hebrews 7:2 mean?

To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace; Hebrews 7:2

Explanation

Hebrews 7:2 breaks down the actions and titles attributed to the King Melchizedek in the context of his encounter with Abraham. It recounts Abraham giving a tenth of his spoils to Melchizedek. Melchizedek is described as King of righteousness based on the translation of his name; “Melech” being Hebrew for king, and “Tzedek” for righteousness. He is also called King of Salem, which is understood to mean King of Peace, as Salem is thought to be an early name for Jerusalem or to mean “peace.” This verse is notably drawing a parallel to Jesus Christ, who is seen throughout the Book of Hebrews as a high priest after the order of Melchizedek, representing both righteousness and peace.

Historical Context

Hebrews was written to a group of early Christians who were well-acquainted with Jewish laws and traditions. The historical incident being referenced is from Genesis 14, where Melchizedek, the King of Salem, brought out bread and wine to Abraham (then Abram) after a military victory and blessed him. This was significant because Melchizedek was recognized as a priest, and his blessing and receipt of tithes from Abraham implied a recognition of his great stature and authority.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, Hebrews 7:2 demonstrates the superiority of Melchizedek’s priesthood compared to the Levitical priesthood, with the intent to establish Jesus as an eternal and superior high priest. It also hints at Jesus’ dual role as a king (righteousness) and priest (peace). Various theological viewpoints will agree on the typological significance of Melchizedek, but they may disagree on the nature of his existence and his specific foreshadowing of Christ.

Practical Applications

This verse encourages the practice of tithe as an act of honoring and acknowledging a higher spiritual authority. Furthermore, it may inspire believers to seek both righteousness and peace in their lives, and to honor those who lead with such principles.

Cross-References

• Genesis 14:18-20
• Psalm 110:4
• Hebrews 5:6
• Hebrews 6:20
• Hebrews 7:15-17

Language Study

The key phrase “Melchizedek” (Μελχισεδέκ in Greek), is dissected as “Melech” meaning king, and “Tzedek” meaning righteousness. “Salem” (Σαλήμ in Greek) translates to “peace,” but it also identifies with the ancient city that would become Jerusalem.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Melchizedek’s figure might be compared to semi-divine wise kings or priest-kings in other ancient traditions, who act as intermediaries between gods and people, with the bread and wine resembling offerings or symbols of gratitude typical in various religions.

Scientific Perspectives

The scientific study of this verse would predominantly fall under archaeological and historical scholarship, aiming to validate the existence and status of places like Salem and figures such as Melchizedek through ancient texts, artifacts, and historical records.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and commentators offer diverse views on this verse. Some see historical Melchizedek as a righteous and peace-loving king who was directly chosen by God. Others focus on Melchizedek as a prefiguration (or type) of Christ. Commentators like Matthew Henry and John Gill explore the significance of Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek, interpreting it as a sign of respect and acknowledgment of his high priesthood.