What does Hebrews 7:6 mean?

But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises. Hebrews 7:6

Explanation

The verse Hebrews 7:6 speaks to the unique status and role of Melchizedek, a mysterious biblical figure, in relation to the patriarch Abraham and the Levitical priesthood. In this verse, the writer of Hebrews points out that Melchizedek, whose lineage is distinct from the tribe of Levi, received tithes from Abraham. Moreover, it is noted that Melchizedek imparted a blessing upon Abraham, who was the bearer of God’s promises. The emphasis lies in the fact that, contrary to the expectations of Jewish tradition, Melchizedek was not a Levite, yet he exercised priestly functions and had authority even over the esteemed ancestor of the Jews, suggesting a priesthood higher than the Levitical priesthood.

Historical Context

Hebrews is generally understood to have been written for a Jewish Christian audience, possibly to address a crisis of faith or persecution, encouraging them to remain steadfast in their Christian beliefs. The Levitical priesthood was central to the religious life of Israel, with descendants of Levi performing temple rites and rituals. By comparing Jesus to Melchizedek, who is mentioned in Genesis 14:18-20 and Psalm 110:4, the author of Hebrews seeks to legitimate Christ’s priesthood, which does not stem from Levi, and to argue that it is superior and eternal.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, the reference to Melchizedek is seen as a typological foreshadowing of the priesthood of Jesus Christ, who is regarded as a high priest after the order of Melchizedek (Hebrews 5:6, 5:10; 6:20). Because Melchizedek was not of the Levitical line yet received tithes from Abraham, it suggests that there can be a legitimate and even superior priesthood outside the Levitical system. This supports the idea that Jesus, although not born into the tribe of Levi, has a legitimate and ultimate priestly authority.

Practical Applications

This verse can inspire believers to acknowledge and respect authorities and spiritual influences that may not align with traditional or expected norms, recognizing the value in diversity within leadership. It also serves as a call to honor and support those who serve in spiritual leadership, as Abraham did with Melchizedek. Furthermore, it can encourage believers to consider the possibility of a higher calling and purpose beyond established traditions and cultural limitations.

Cross-References

• Genesis 14:18-20 – “And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.”
• Psalm 110:4 – “The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.”
• Hebrews 5:6 – “As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.”
• Hebrews 6:20 – “Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.”
• Hebrews 5:10 – “Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec.”

Language Study

There are a few key terms that are noteworthy in the original Greek language of this verse:

• “Descent” (Greek: “genealogia”) refers to lineage or genealogical record. This term indicates the importance of pedigree within Jewish tradition, especially for priests.
• “Counted” (Greek: “logizomai”) can mean to reckon, consider, or account. This term is often used in a financial context, which aligns with the act of Abraham giving tithes to Melchizedek.
• “Received tithes” (Greek: “dekatao”) means to collect a tenth part, specifically referring to the practice of tithing, which was a religious obligation in the Jewish law where a tenth of one’s earnings were given to support the priesthood.
• “Blessed” (Greek: “eulogeo”) signifies to speak well of or confer blessings. This term underscores the authority of the one imparting the blessing.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Melchizedek’s appearance in the Bible is brief yet profound. In some Jewish traditions, Melchizedek is thought to possibly be Shem, the son of Noah. However, in Christianity, he is often understood as a prefigurement of Christ. In other ancient religions and mythologies, there are figures who resemble Melchizedek in that they hold a dual role of king and priest, or an intermediary role between the divine and human realms.

Scientific Perspectives

The verse itself does not directly engage with scientific perspectives. Nevertheless, the historical and archaeological study of tithing practices and priestly orders might offer insight into the socio-economic structures of ancient times. Such studies help to understand the historical context behind the biblical text, even if they don’t address the theological meanings.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer diverse perspectives on Hebrews 7:6. Some emphasize Melchizedek’s unique status and see in him a prototype of Christ’s priesthood, a theme heavily explored in the Book of Hebrews. Others focus on the relationship between the old covenant represented by the Levitical priesthood and the new covenant through Christ, with Melchizedek serving as a bridge between the two. Renowned theologians such as John Calvin, Matthew Henry, and more contemporary scholars like F.F. Bruce and William Lane have engaged with this verse in their commentaries, contributing to a deeper understanding of its implications for early Christian theology and practice.