What does Luke 1:38 mean?

And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her. Luke 1:38

Explanation

This verse captures a moment of profound significance in the New Testament, where Mary, a young Galilean woman, accepts the divine message delivered by the angel Gabriel with humility and obedience. She refers to herself as “the handmaid of the Lord,” which is a term of submission and service. The phrase “be it unto me according to thy word” reflects Mary’s consent to the divine will, indicating her willingness to become the mother of Jesus, despite the social and personal implications of a virgin conception. This moment is often seen as an act of faith and trust in God’s plan.

Historical Context

Luke 1:38 takes place in the context of the Annunciation, where the angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she will conceive and bear a son, who will be named Jesus, and be called the Son of the Most High. This event is believed to have occurred in Nazareth, a town in Galilee, which at the time was part of the Roman Empire. The historical setting includes the Jewish culture, which had a rich tradition of prophecy and expectation for a Messiah. Mary’s response reflects the piety present in Judaism at the time, and her role is seen within the context of God’s ongoing relationship with Israel.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse highlights the doctrine of the Incarnation — God becoming human in Jesus Christ. Different Christian denominations interpret Mary’s obedience and submission in varying ways. For example, Catholic theology emphasizes Mary’s role as the Theotokos, or God-bearer, as well as her perpetual virginity, grace, and obedience. Protestant interpretations might focus more on the fulfillment of prophecy and the example of faithful response to God’s call. Both acknowledge Mary’s essential role in the Christian narrative.

Practical Applications

The practical applications of this verse inspire believers to respond to God with a willing heart, much like Mary’s response to the angel. Her declaration of submission to God’s will can serve as a model for personal discipleship and trust in God’s plan. It encourages individuals to embrace the roles they are given by God, even if they involve challenges or uncertainty. Her example fosters a spirit of service and humility in daily life.

Cross-References

• Isaiah 7:14 – “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.”
• Luke 1:26-35 – The verses immediately preceding verse 38, giving the context of the angel Gabriel’s message to Mary.
• Matthew 1:20-23 – Matthew’s account of the angel appearing to Joseph, explaining Mary’s conception by the Holy Spirit and referencing the prophecy from Isaiah.

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the term “δούλη” (doule), translated as “handmaid,” connotes a female servant or bondswoman, emphasizing complete devotion and service to a master. The phrase “γένοιτό μοι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου” (genoito moi kata to rhēma sou) is interpreted as “let it be to me according to your word,” with “γένοιτό” (genoito) being an aorist optative, denoting a wish or desire for a future event solidifying her acceptance of God’s will.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Mary’s figure has parallels in various ancient myths and religions, where divine interactions result in miraculous births. For example, in Greek mythology, gods often interfaced with mortals, producing demi-gods or heroes. Unlike these myths, however, in the Christian narrative, Mary’s conception of Jesus is not through physical union with a deity but rather through a divine miracle by the Holy Spirit. The concept of a virgin birth is unique within the context of monotheistic religions.

Scientific Perspectives

The virgin birth is a matter of faith rather than scientific inquiry, as it involves the belief in a supernatural event beyond the scope of natural laws. From a scientific standpoint, virgin births, or parthenogenesis, occur in some species but not in mammals, and thus not in humans. Therefore, the conception of Jesus is considered a unique divine action as opposed to a naturally occurring phenomenon.

Commentaries

Commentary on Luke 1:38 tends to focus on Mary’s faith and her role in God’s redemptive plan. Scholars like William Barclay have noted Mary’s incredible courage and humility in accepting her part in such a daunting task. Contemporary theologians may also draw out the significance of Mary’s consent and its implications for discussions on free will, grace, and salvation history. Different confessional commentaries will highlight aspects of the verse relevant to their traditions’ teachings.