What does Luke 1:49 mean?

For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name. Luke 1:49

Explanation

Luke 1:49 is part of the Magnificat, which is Mary’s song of praise to God when she visits her cousin Elizabeth. This verse speaks of Mary’s awe and reverence for the power and holiness of God who has chosen her for a significant role in God’s plan. The phrase “he that is mighty” refers to God’s omnipotence, while “hath done to me great things” suggests the miraculous and gracious act of God choosing Mary to be the mother of Jesus. “And holy is his name” reflects a deep reverence for God’s pure and sacred nature, indicating that God’s identity and essence are wholly set apart from anything else.

Historical Context

The Gospel of Luke was written in the 1st century, providing an account of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The cultural and historical context includes a Jewish society under Roman occupation, where messianic expectations were high. Jewish hymns and prayers often praised God’s might and holiness, and the Magnificat echoes themes from the Old Testament, including God’s covenant and his faithfulness to Israel. Mary’s words would resonate with her Jewish contemporaries, who were familiar with this type of biblical language and theme.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse is laden with insights. From a Christian perspective, it reflects God’s intervention in human history through the incarnation. Mary acknowledges God’s might that is so prominent in Old Testament narratives and His holy nature that sets Him apart from all creation. The emphasis on “great things” shows God’s grace and favor. This verse encapsulates the idea of a humble response to divine election, with Mary being the exemplar of this.

Practical Applications

Luke 1:49 encourages individuals to maintain humility and recognition of God’s greatness in their lives. It invites believers to acknowledge and testify to the work God has done in their lives, both great and small. It also prompts one to live in reverence of God’s holy nature, striving for purity and dedication in one’s personal spiritual journey. Celebrating the good that comes into one’s life as an act of divine blessing is another practical application of this verse.

Cross-References

• Psalm 126:3 – “The Lord hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad.”
• Psalm 99:3 – “Let them praise thy great and terrible name; for it is holy.”
• Psalm 111:9 – “He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name.”
• Isaiah 55:9 – “For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.”

Language Study

In the original Greek text of the New Testament, “mighty” is translated from “δυνατός” (dynatos) meaning ‘powerful’ or ‘able.’ “Great things” comes from “μεγάλα” (megala) which implies ‘great’ or ‘mighty’ works. “Holy” is translated from “ἅγιος” (hagios) indicating a sacred or divine quality, unique to God. These words affirm the attributes of God as omnipotent and sacred.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The theme of a deity doing great things for mortals is common in various ancient myths. However, the significant difference in the Judeo-Christian tradition is the emphasis on monotheism and the personal, covenantal relationship God has with his people, contrasting with the more capricious gods of polytheistic systems. Religious comparisons might explore similarities and differences in the way divinity and godly favor are expressed in other faith traditions.

Scientific Perspectives

While this verse does not directly intersect with scientific concepts, the reference to “great things” done by God could be metaphorically related to the awe one feels when contemplating the vastness of the universe and the intricate complexity of life—both often considered great things that invoke wonder and which science seeks to understand.

Commentaries

Various experts and biblical scholars have commented on this verse, often noting Mary’s role as a model of piety and humility. Commentators point out that Mary’s song reflects her knowledge of Scripture and her understanding of God’s nature. They often discuss the personal and communal aspects of her praise — how it speaks to her individual experience, but also echoes Israel’s collective memory and hope. The consensus in commentary is that this verse, and the Magnificat as a whole, is deeply rooted in biblical theology and spirituality.