What does Luke 2:23 mean?

(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) Luke 2:23

Explanation

Luke 2:23 is a reference to an ancient Jewish law found in the Torah, specifically in Exodus 13:2, which commands that every firstborn male, both human and animal, be consecrated to the Lord. In the context of the Gospel of Luke, this verse is part of the narrative describing the presentation of Jesus at the Temple. Mary and Joseph, as observant Jews, are fulfilling the requirements of the law by presenting Jesus, their firstborn son, to God. The underlying meaning reflects the idea of dedication and recognition of God’s sovereignty over life. Jesus’ consecration at the Temple reinforces his identity as holy and set apart for God’s purposes.

Historical Context

The Gospel of Luke was written in the first century A.D., a time of great diversity within Judaism and increasing tension with the Roman Empire. The author, traditionally believed to be Luke the physician and a companion of the Apostle Paul, wrote this Gospel to provide an orderly account of Jesus’ life and ministry, as mentioned in the beginning of his Gospel (Luke 1:3).

In Jewish tradition, the law of consecrating the firstborn is deeply rooted in the Exodus narrative, where the firstborn of Egypt were struck down by God, but the firstborn of Israel were spared. In commemoration of this event, the Israelites were commanded to consecrate their firstborn as a sign of God’s deliverance and protection.

Theological Insights

The verse has been interpreted by theologians in various ways. Traditionally, Christian theologians see in this practice an foreshadowing of Jesus’ own consecration to God’s service, ultimately culminating in his sacrificial death and resurrection.

For Jews, the consecration of the firstborn is a continued reminder of God’s saving acts and his ownership over all creation. It emphasizes the special status of the firstborn, but also the responsibilities that come with being dedicated to God.

Practical Applications

The practical application of this verse can be seen in the dedication of one’s life and gifts to God. While the specific practice of consecrating the firstborn is not observed in the same way in Christian traditions, the principle can be translated into a commitment to serve and honor God with one’s abilities, resources, and time.

Cross-References

• Exodus 13:2 – “Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine.”
• Exodus 13:12 – “That thou shalt set apart unto the LORD all that openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the LORD’s.”
• Numbers 18:15 – “Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.”

Language Study

The key term in Luke 2:23 translated as “openeth the womb” comes from the Greek word “πᾶν ἄρσεν διανοῖγον μήτραν” (pan arsen dianoigon metran). The term “πᾶν” (pan) means “every,” “ἄρσεν” (arsen) means “male,” and “διανοῖγον” (dianoigon) is derived from “διανοίγω” (dianoigo), which means “to open.” “Μήτραν” (metran) refers to the womb or matrix. Together, the phrase literally means “every male that opens the womb” and implies the firstborn status.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other ancient cultures, the firstborn often held a special status, sometimes associated with inheritance rights or religious duties. In the Egyptian context, for instance, the Pharaoh was often seen as a divine or semi-divine figure, and the role of the firstborn could be significant in the succession of power.

Within other religious interpretations, such as in Hinduism or some strands of paganism, first fruits, firstborn, or first yields are also often dedicated or offered to deities, underscoring a broader human impulse to recognize and give thanks for divine providence.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, the concept of the firstborn having a particular significance doesn’t hold any biological basis. However, evolutionary theories about parental investment might indirectly explain why firstborns could be viewed as special, as they are the first to receive parental care and resources.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and commentators offer various insights into Luke 2:23. Some focus on how the verse demonstrates the fulfillment of Old Testament law in the life of Jesus, while others highlight the role of Mary and Joseph in adhering to their religious duties. Still, others may emphasize the theological significance of Jesus being identified as holy to the Lord from birth, presaging his divine mission. Commentators from differing traditions might also draw on the symbolism of this act, seeing in it a model for Christian dedication and discipleship.