What does Luke 2:34 mean?

And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against; Luke 2:34

Explanation

The verse Luke 2:34 is a part of the New Testament where Simeon, a righteous and devout man who was promised by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Messiah, is speaking to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Upon seeing Jesus, he utters a prophecy that reveals the significant impact Jesus will have on Israel and the world. The phrase “set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel” implies that Jesus’ life and ministry will be the cause of both the downfall and the redemption of many. It suggests that Jesus will be a polarizing figure and that peoples’ reactions to him will determine their spiritual trajectory. The reference to a “sign which shall be spoken against” indicates that Jesus’ message and miracles will be met with opposition and controversy.

Historical Context

This verse is situated in the context of the Jewish tradition of presenting a child to the Lord at the temple. Simeon’s prophecy reflects the Jewish expectation of a Messiah who would change the course of history. At the time, Israel was under Roman occupation, and many were looking for a political liberator. However, Simeon’s words suggest that the Messiah’s role would be far more profound, dealing with the spiritual rise and fall of individuals rather than political liberation alone.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, this verse is seen as foreshadowing the divisive nature of Jesus’ mission. It emphasizes the soteriological theme of salvation and judgment that Jesus’ coming brings about. In Christian teachings, Jesus is often seen as a stumbling block to some and a cornerstone to others. This dichotomy illustrates the concept of free will and personal responsibility in accepting or rejecting Jesus’ message.

Practical Applications

The teachings of this verse can be applied in daily life as a reflection on personal beliefs and responses to spiritual truths. It invites individuals to consider their stance towards Jesus and his teachings. Practically, it encourages humility, self-examination, and openness to change, as well as preparing believers for opposition that may arise as a result of their faith.

Cross-References

• Matthew 21:42: “Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?”
• Romans 9:33: “As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.”
• 1 Peter 2:7-8: “Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner, And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.”

Language Study

The phrase “set for the fall” in the original Greek is “κεῖμαι (keimai) πτῶσις (ptōsis).” “κεῖμαι” can mean “to lie,” “appointed,” or “destined,” and “πτῶσις” refers to a fall or downfall. “Rising again” translates from “ἀνάστασις (anastasis),” which is often used to denote resurrection or a rising up. The term “sign” is translated from “σημεῖον (sēmeion),” which means a sign, miracle, or indication. “Which shall be spoken against” comes from “ἀντιλέγω (antilegō),” meaning to speak against, oppose, or contradict.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing this to other ancient myths, one can find examples of prophetic figures who predict future turmoil and redemption, such as the Oracle of Delphi in Greek mythology. In religious contexts, figures like the Messiah in Judaism or the Mahdi in Islam also come with the expectation of profound social and spiritual transformation, often through periods of strife and opposition.

Scientific Perspectives

While this verse does not intersect directly with scientific understandings, the concept of a figure causing societal division could be explored through the lens of social psychology. This discipline examines how individuals and communities respond to influential leaders and ideas, which can be polarizing, leading to both cohesion and division within societies.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians have offered interpretations of Luke 2:34. Some emphasize the prophetic nature of Simeon’s words, suggesting that he foresaw the controversies Jesus would incite. Others point out the paradox of Jesus as a cause of both uplift and downfall, indicating the complex and multifaceted impact of his life and teachings. Commentators often discuss the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, as Jesus is seen as the stone the builders rejected, who becomes the cornerstone.