What does Luke 3:13 mean?

And he said unto them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you. Luke 3:13

Explanation

The verse Luke 3:13 is a directive from John the Baptist to the tax collectors who came to be baptized by him. In the context of the Bible, John was calling the people to repentance and a life of righteousness as preparation for the coming of the Messiah. When the tax collectors asked what they should do, John’s response was simple yet profound: “Exact no more than that which is appointed you.” This means that they should collect only what is prescribed by law, without overstepping their bounds or taking more through dishonest means. The deeper meaning suggests a call to fairness, honesty, and integrity in one’s dealings with others, especially from a position of authority or power.

Historical Context

During the time of John the Baptist, Judea was under Roman rule, and tax collectors were known for being corrupt. They often took more money than was required by law, lining their own pockets at the expense of the common people. They were generally despised and viewed as traitors who collaborated with the Romans. John’s instruction to them was countercultural and struck at the heart of a widespread injustice in the society of his day.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, this verse reflects the moral and ethical standards that are consistent with the teachings of the Old Testament, pointing towards a life of righteousness. It anticipates the justice and transformation advocated by Jesus. The demand for honesty in financial dealings is also seen as a reflection of the righteousness God expects from His followers.

Practical Applications

In daily life, this teaching could be applied by being fair and honest in business transactions, not taking advantage of others, and being content with one’s rightful earnings. It encourages individuals in positions of power or with authority over others to exercise their roles justly and with integrity.

Cross-References

• Proverbs 20:10 – “Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD.”
• Leviticus 19:35-36 – “Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.”
• Micah 6:11 – “Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights?”

Language Study

The key phrase in the original Greek text is “μηδέν πλέον παρὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον ὑμῖν” (mēden pleon para to diatetagmenon hymin). Here, “πλέον” (pleon) means “more” and “διατεταγμένον” (diatetagmenon) translates to “appointed” or “prescribed.” The imperative “μηδέν” (mēden) signifies “no” or “not anything,” highlighting the emphasis on honesty and forbidding the taking of more than what is lawfully set.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures, tax collectors were often viewed with suspicion and resentment, similar to Judea under Roman rule. In some religious traditions, the ethical principle akin to what John the Baptist espoused can be seen. For example, in Islam, fair dealings in trade and precise measurements are emphasized, reflecting the broader universal concept of integrity in commerce.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific viewpoint, the principles of fairness and honesty in transactions could be seen as contributing to a stable and flourishing society, which is a focus of study in fields such as sociology and economics. Research in psychology shows that fairness and trust in economic dealings are crucial for social bonds and mental well-being.

commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer various interpretations of this verse. John Calvin comments on the restraint that must be self-imposed by those in power. Matthew Henry acknowledges it as a rebuke to the greed and extortion that was common amongst tax collectors. Other modern commentaries stress the enduring relevance of this call to honesty and justice, noting that similar forms of economic exploitation exist in society today and that Luke 3:13 still speaks against such practices.