What does Matthew 5:5 mean?

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Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

Explanation

“Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.” (Matthew 5:5, KJV) is one of the Beatitudes that Jesus delivered during the Sermon on the Mount. The term “blessed” can be understood as a state of happiness or divine favor. “Meek” in this context refers to those who are gentle, humble, and patient under suffering, without being vindictive or harboring resentment. Historically, meekness was not valued in a culture that admired boldness and power. Nevertheless, Jesus emphasizes that such meek individuals are blessed and promises them a future inheritance of the earth. This implies that they will receive the rewards of God’s Kingdom and implies a contrast to the immediate gratification that earthly power and aggression might offer.

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Historical Context

The Sermon on the Mount took place in the context of Roman-occupied Judea, where the Jewish population lived under oppressive rule. It was a time when many Jews were hoping for a Messiah to deliver them from Roman domination. Jesus’ message, however, was radically different from the popular expectation of a political or military leader who would overthrow their oppressors. Instead, Jesus speaks of a spiritual kingdom and the qualities necessary to be part of it, redefining what it means to be truly successful.

Theological Insights

There are several theological viewpoints on this verse. The traditional Christian interpretation sees this as one of the moral guidelines Jesus gave to live by in order to experience the blessings of God’s future Kingdom. The meek are those who have a spirit of humility and trust in God, rather than seeking to dominate others. It also suggests a reversal of earthly roles, where the humble will be exalted by God. In Liberation Theology, this verse is interpreted as reflecting God’s preferential option for the poor and oppressed. In contrast, some existentialist theologians might focus on the present spiritual state of blessedness, rather than a future reward.

Practical Applications

Applying this teaching today suggests embracing humility, patience, and gentleness in our interactions with others. In practice, this might mean deferring to others, being considerate of their feelings, and not insisting on one’s own rights or looking for personal revenge. It includes showing strength under control and having faith in God during difficult times. This attitude leads to cultivating peace within oneself and one’s community.

Cross-References

Psalms 37:11: “But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace.”
Galatians 5:22-23: “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.”
James 3:13: “Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom.”

Language Study

The Greek word used for “meek” in the original text of this verse is “πραεῖς” (praes), which carries connotations of being gentle, humble, and considerate. It doesn’t imply weakness but a strength that is under control. “They shall inherit” is from the Greek “κληρονομήσουσιν” (klēronomēsousin), which means to receive a portion or hold as a possession, reflecting a future promise.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other cultures and religions, there can be similar values placed on meekness and humility. For example, in Buddhism, humility and the absence of egoism are central virtues that lead to enlightenment. In Hindu texts like the Bhagavad Gita, humility is also upheld as a virtue necessary for spiritual growth. In ancient myths, however, heroes were often characterized by their physical strength and dominance rather than meekness, which offers a contrast to the values presented in this Beatitude.

Scientific Perspectives

A scientific take on the concept of meekness might involve the psychological benefits associated with being gentle and humble. Studies on emotional intelligence and conflict resolution advocate for traits such as empathy and self-regulation, which are akin to meekness. Additionally, from an evolutionary standpoint, meekness could be seen as a social strategy that fosters community and cooperation, which are beneficial for survival.

Commentaries

Various Bible commentators have provided insight into this verse. Matthew Henry’s Commentary points out that the meek are those who quietly submit to God, and who can bear insult without being vindictive. John Wesley notes that the meek are those who are content with what God has given them, and are kind to all. In the 20th century, scholar William Barclay explained that the Greek concept of meekness was the happy medium between too much and too little anger. Contemporary commentaries continue to emphasize the countercultural nature of the Beatitude, pointing out the strength and courage required to remain meek in a competitive society.