What does Philemon 1:13 mean?

Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel: Philemon 1:13

Explanation

Philemon 1:13, written by the Apostle Paul to Philemon, illustrates Paul’s deep appreciation for the assistance that Onesimus, a runaway slave of Philemon, was providing him while he was in prison. In this verse, Paul is expressing a wish that he could have kept Onesimus with him to aid him in Philemon’s place. The implication here is that, since Philemon, the intended recipient of the letter and the owner of Onesimus, is not present to help Paul with the work related to spreading the Gospel, Onesimus could fill this role. Paul’s choice not to retain Onesimus represents Paul’s respect for Philemon’s rights as well as a demonstration of Christian ethics in allowing Philemon to make his own decision regarding Onesimus.

Historical Context

The Epistle to Philemon is a private letter composed by Paul while he was in prison, which was likely around 60 A.D. Onesimus, whose name means “useful,” was a slave who had run away from Philemon, who was a wealthy Christian in Colossae and possibly the leader of a house church. Onesimus ended up meeting Paul, who led him to Christianity. It’s important to recognize that slavery in the Roman Empire was an established institution and differed in some respects from modern conceptions of slavery. In Paul’s communication, he navigates complex social and moral dynamics, as he seeks to reconcile the runaway slave with his master in a Christian context.

Theological Insights

Different theological perspectives view this verse in varying lights. Some might see Paul’s actions as an example of Christian mercy and forgiveness. Instead of advocating for the continued servitude of Onesimus or immediate emancipation, Paul seems to call for reconciliatory action that benefits all parties involved. Others might emphasize Paul’s acknowledgment of Philemon’s legal rights within the context of Roman law, while also hinting at a deeper, spiritual bond among Christians that supersedes societal norms. Affirming Onesimus’s newfound value “in the bonds of the gospel” suggests that his status as a Christian brother is paramount to his legal status as a slave.

Practical Applications

This verse can offer guidance on handling situations where there is conflict between personal desires and socially responsible action. The principles manifest in respecting others’ rights and dignity can be applied in various facets of life, such as business, family, and community relations. Additionally, Paul’s example can inspire believers to consider the broader implications of the gospel in their interactions, recognizing the value and potential in every individual, regardless of their social or legal status.

Cross-References

• Philemon 1:10: “I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds:”
• Philemon 1:16: “Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?”
• Colossians 4:9: “With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here.”
• Ephesians 6:6: “Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart;”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, significant words in Philemon 1:13 include:

• “retained” (ἀνέσχον): This word carries the sense of holding back or keeping.
• “ministered” (διακονεῖν): Often translated as service, this word encompasses a range of service from basic aid to more official ministerial duties.
• “bonds” (δεσμοῖς): Can be literal chains or figuratively refer to imprisonment; here, it is suggestive of Paul’s imprisonment for the sake of the gospel.
• “gospel” (εὐαγγέλιον): Literally translates to good news, referring to the message of Christ’s salvation.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other ancient cultures, the status and treatment of slaves varied greatly. In the Greco-Roman world, slaves could earn their freedom or occupy important household positions. However, the Christian message introduced a transformative element where slaves, like Onesimus, could achieve spiritual equality and familial bonds with their masters. This was distinct from the typical master-slave relationship of the time and presented a moral framework that challenged established social hierarchies.

Scientific Perspectives

While there is no direct scientific inquiry associated with this verse, modern psychology and social sciences might study the dynamics between individuals in positions of power disparity, such as Paul, Philemon, and Onesimus. Investigating the psychological impacts of reconciliation and mutual respect, despite social roles, might reveal benefits to mental health and community cohesion, echoing the principles exemplified in Paul’s letter.

Commentaries

Commentaries on Philemon 1:13 span a wide range of interpretations. Many emphasize Paul’s tact and diplomacy in not making decisions on behalf of Philemon, insisting on consent rather than coercion. Some scholars suggest that Paul subtly implies Onesimus’s value as more than a slave, to the point of possibly hinting at manumission. They also note the prudence with which Paul navigates the cultural and legal norms of his time while promoting Christian fellowship and transformation.