What does Revelation 11:13 mean?

And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven. Revelation 11:13

Explanation

The verse in question, Revelation 11:13, depicts a cataclysmic event during the end times as envisioned by John, the author of Revelation. The earthquake mentioned in this verse symbolizes a significant upheaval. As one-tenth of the city collapses, it suggests a partial but substantial destruction, and the death of seven thousand people indicates a severe loss of life. The remnant who survive are described as being fearful yet ultimately acknowledging the power of God, indicating a turning towards reverence and possibly repentance.

Historical Context

Revelation was likely written in the late first century when Christians faced persecution under the Roman Empire. The book is apocalyptic literature filled with symbolism and imagery, expressing hope for deliverance and God’s ultimate justice. In this context, the city mentioned could be symbolic of Rome or another significant city of the time, representing worldly power and opposition to God.

Theological Insights

Different theological viewpoints interpret this verse variously. Preterists might argue that this event reflects historical happenings, such as the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD. Futurists may believe this verse describes an event yet to occur, a literal earthquake during the end times. Idealists view the events in Revelation as ongoing spiritual battles rather than specific historical or future occurrences. Finally, Historicists might claim that this verse refers to a particular event in the progression of church history.

Practical Applications

Despite its apocalyptic context, this verse can remind individuals of the transient nature of human constructs and the importance of humility before divine power. It may encourage believers to maintain their faith amidst chaos and tribulation, with an understanding that trials often lead to a deeper recognition of one’s spirituality and connection with the divine.

Cross-References

• Revelation 16:18-19: “And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God…”
• Zechariah 14:4-5: Describes an earthquake in the context of God’s return to the Mount of Olives.
• Acts 4:31: “And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost…”
• Revelation 6:12-17: Depicts an earthquake associated with the opening of the sixth seal and the fear it brings.

Language Study

In the Greek text, key words such as σεισμὸς (seismos), which is translated as earthquake, can also mean a shaking or a tempest—implying a disturbance that is not only physical but also metaphorical. The number seven (ἑπτὰ, hepta) thousand can represent totality or completeness, suggesting a full measure of God’s judgment.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

This verse bears resemblance to other ancient myths and religious texts that include catastrophic natural events as a form of divine retribution or purification. For example, the Epic of Gilgamesh and the story of Noah’s flood in Genesis both feature devastating floods as a divine response to human wickedness.

Scientific Perspectives

A literal interpretation involving an actual earthquake could be examined against seismic activity known to occur throughout history in the Middle East. Earthquakes have often played significant roles in religious and cultural interpretations, being viewed as messages or acts of the gods or God. Modern science would attribute such events to natural tectonic processes rather than divine intervention.

Commentaries

Prominent biblical scholars and theologians present diverse interpretations. Some, like Matthew Henry, read the account in light of God’s judgment against corrupt systems, whereas others may emphasize the redemptive aspect for those who survive. Contemporary scholarship often stresses the symbolism in Revelation, seeing the described events as a mixture of past, present, and future realities woven together to convey spiritual truths.