What does Revelation 2:21 mean?

And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not. Revelation 2:21

Explanation

Revelation 2:21, which states, “And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not.” is from the letter to the church of Thyatira in the Book of Revelation. This verse is part of a prophetic message purportedly from Jesus Christ, delivered through John of Patmos. The message is directed at a figurative woman named Jezebel, who is accused of leading the believers astray into sexual immorality and idolatry. In this verse, “space to repent” signifies a period of time that God allowed for her to change her ways. The phrase “her fornication” symbolizes not only sexual immorality but also infidelity to God which, in a broader sense, includes the worship of idols and engagement in pagan practices. The latter part of the verse, “she repented not,” shows her refusal to turn away from these sins, despite being given the opportunity to do so.

Historical Context

The Book of Revelation was written in the first century AD, during a time of persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire. Thyatira was an ancient city located in modern-day Turkey, known for its trade guilds and numerous pagan cults. The mention of “Jezebel” refers back to the Old Testament queen who introduced the worship of Baal to Israel and persecuted the prophets of Yahweh. By evoking the name Jezebel, the author parallels the seductions of idolatry and immorality threatening the Thyatiran church with those faced by ancient Israel.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse speaks to the concept of divine patience and human free will. It suggests that God gives individuals opportunities to repent, highlighting His mercy. However, there is a point when judgment is meted out if repentance does not occur. Different theological perspectives debate predestination versus free will, and whether human beings have the ultimate choice in their salvation or if divine grace must intervene.

Practical Applications

From a practical standpoint, this verse serves as a caution against complacency and the assumption that there will always be more time to change one’s ways. It suggests the importance of immediate repentance when confronted with wrongdoing and the dangers of procrastination. In daily life, this principle applies not only to moral behavior but also to any kind of transformative decision that should not be delayed.

Cross-References

• Revelation 2:20: “Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols.”
• 2 Peter 3:9: “The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.”
• Luke 13:3: “I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.”

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the key word for “space” is “χρόνον” (chronon), referring to time or a period. “Repent” translates from “μετανοέω” (metanoeó), which means to change one’s mind or feel remorse. The term “fornication” is from “πορνεία” (porneia), which broadly encompasses sexual immorality and by extension idolatry.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In the ancient Near East, religious practices often involved cultic sexual rites, which early Christians would have seen as incompatible with their faith. The figure of Jezebel became synonymous with false prophecy, idolatry, and sexual promiscuity, not just in Christian texts but in Jewish tradition as well. Comparatively, in other ancient myths, gods often punished characters with traits similar to Jezebel’s for their hubris and moral failings.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern scientific understandings generally do not intersect directly with the moral and eschatological themes of Revelation 2:21. However, some researchers explore the psychological aspects of repentance and behavioral change, which may provide insight into why an individual might resist repentance despite potential consequences.

Commentaries

Commentators across different Christian denominations have provided varied perspectives on this verse. Many agree on the notion of God’s grace and patience with sinners and His desire for their repentance. However, there is also a consensus that this grace is not infinite, and there comes a time for judgment. The reference to “Jezebel” is commonly interpreted as a symbol of all false teachings and corrupting influences within the church, and her story is seen as an allegory warning against spiritual adultery. Some commentators focus on the historicity of the Thyatira church facing seduction by a false prophetess or figure, while others see Jezebel as a metaphor for broader issues troubling the early Christian communities.