What does Revelation 21:9 mean?

And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb’s wife. Revelation 21:9

Explanation

Revelation 21:9 is part of the vision the Apostle John received and recorded in the Book of Revelation. In this verse, one of the seven angels who held the seven bowls containing the seven last plagues offers to show John “the bride, the Lamb’s wife.” This image is deeply symbolic, with the “bride” commonly interpreted as representing the Church, the body of believers, and the “Lamb” being a title for Jesus Christ. The marriage metaphor illustrates the intimate and covenantal relationship between Christ and his followers. The deeper meaning here points to the ultimate reunion and consummation of the relationship between Christ and the Church, characterized by love, commitment, and purity.

Historical Context

The Book of Revelation was written in the late first century AD during a time of persecution for the early Christian Church. Its author, traditionally identified as the Apostle John, was in exile on the island of Patmos when he received the revelation. At that time, apocalyptic literature was a popular genre among Jewish and Christian communities, often used to offer hope and encouragement during times of distress by depicting God’s ultimate victory and the fulfillment of His promises.

Theological Insights

The imagery of a bride and a bridegroom has significant theological implications. In Christian theology, the church is often portrayed as the bride of Christ, and Christ Himself as the bridegroom. This metaphor is used to convey the depth of the relationship between Jesus and His followers. Theologically diverse interpretations of the Book of Revelation exist, ranging from preterist (events have already occurred), historicist (events unfold throughout history), futurist (events are yet to come), and idealist (events are symbolic of the ongoing cosmic struggle) viewpoints.

Practical Applications

The metaphor of the Church as the bride of Christ can encourage believers to live in a manner worthy of that calling, emphasizing purity, faithfulness, and readiness for Jesus’ return, much like a bride prepares for her wedding day. Christians might reflect on their own relationship with Christ, ensuring they are committed, faithful, and loving towards Him and each other.

Cross-References

• Revelation 19:7-8: “Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready.”
• Ephesians 5:25-27: “Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;”
• 2 Corinthians 11:2: “For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ.”

Language Study

• “Bride” (νύμφη – nymphe): In the original Greek, this term refers to a bride or young woman. The use of “nymphe” in the New Testament is metaphorical for the Church.
• “Lamb” (Ἀρνίον – arnion): A diminutive form of “sheep” used in Revelation to designate Christ as the sacrificial Lamb, echoing the imagery of the Passover lamb in Exodus. It signifies innocence and sacrifice.
• “Wife” (γυνή – gyne): This Greek word can be translated as “woman” or “wife,” depending on context. In this passage, it emphasizes the marital relationship between the Lamb and the bride.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The marriage metaphor used in Revelation parallels cultural and religious ceremonies where marriage symbolizes unity, covenant, and a deep bond. In many ancient cultures, including Jewish tradition, marriage covenants were sacred and binding. This metaphor would resonate with people familiar with the significance of matrimonial rituals.

Scientific Perspectives

Scientific perspectives do not typically intersect with the symbolic and prophetic language found in Revelation 21:9. However, one could explore the psychological aspects of symbolism and metaphor in religious texts, and how these elements impact human beliefs and behaviors.

Commentaries

Many Bible commentators agree that Revelation 21:9 symbolizes the consummation of history where the church, Christ’s bride, is presented without spot or blemish at the end of times. Matthew Henry’s Commentary, for example, views the angel’s invitation as an unveiling of the final state of glory for the Church. Commentators like John Gill interpret the passage as a clear picture of the intimate relationship between Christ and His redeemed people. They emphasize that this image provides comfort and hope for the future to believers.