What does Revelation 22:14 mean?

Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city. Revelation 22:14

Explanation

Revelation 22:14 is found in the final chapter of the Book of Revelation, which serves as the conclusion of the Christian Bible. The verse emphasizes the rewards promised to those who follow God’s commandments. The “tree of life” references back to the Garden of Eden from the Book of Genesis, symbolizing eternal life and paradise. The “gates into the city” refer to the New Jerusalem, a representation of heaven or the eternal dwelling of God with humanity. This verse offers both a promise and an invitation; it suggests that adherence to God’s commands leads to a sanctified life and eternal fellowship with Him.

Historical Context

The Book of Revelation was penned by John of Patmos, traditionally identified as John the Apostle. Scholars often date the writing to approximately 95 A.D., a time when Christian communities faced persecution by Roman authorities. Revelation is an example of apocalyptic literature, which was often used to provide hope and encouragement to oppressed groups through visions of divine triumph and rewards for the faithful.

Theological Insights

There are varying theological interpretations of this verse. Within premillennial eschatology, the verse is often seen as a literal prediction of the end times. Some scholars, however, view this passage as symbolic, emphasizing the spiritual reality of salvation rather than physical rewards. There’s also a discussion regarding the link between works (doing His commandments) and salvation, where some advocate for a faith-based salvation, while others see this verse as supporting the necessity of good works in tandem with faith.

Practical Applications

Practically, this verse encourages believers to live according to the principles taught by their faith, suggesting that there are both immediate and ultimate benefits to such a lifestyle. The concepts of obedience and perseverance are valued and can be translated into daily actions, such as ethical decision-making, compassionate behavior, and community service.

Cross-References

• Revelation 2:7 – “He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.”
• Genesis 2:9 – “And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.”
• Revelation 21:12-14 – “And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.”
• James 1:22 – “But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves.”

Language Study

The key phrase “do His commandments” can be dissected by examining the Greek term “ποιοῦντες” (poiountes), a present participle meaning “doing” or “keeping.” It implies ongoing action. The “tree of life” is translated from “ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς” (xylou tes zoes), with “ξύλου” (xylon) originally meaning “wood” or “tree,” and “ζωῆς” (zoes) meaning “of life.” The phrase “may enter in through the gates into the city” indicates an allowance or permission granted, emphasizing the idea of an earned privilege.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Ancient myths from various cultures often speak of a sacred tree, such as the Norse Yggdrasil or the Hindu Ashvattha. Each of these symbolizes life, wisdom, and connectivity. The concept of entering a divine city is also common in religious texts, such as the Islamic concept of Jannah (Paradise) with its gates. The use of such imagery in Revelation may resonate with these universal themes of seeking a return to an idyllic state or divine union.

Scientific Perspectives

The tree of life is a metaphorical construct, and while science explores the concept of life and its origins, the “tree of life” in Revelation doesn’t directly intersect with scientific exploration. The verse is primarily theological and symbolic, rather than a claim that could be evaluated through the empirical methods of science.

Commentaries

Many biblical scholars and theologians have written on Revelation 22:14. Matthew Henry’s commentary views it as a blessing pronounced upon the holy and obedient. The Expositor’s Greek Testament sees it as the final beatitude of the book, underscoring a necessity for ethical purity to enjoy heavenly privileges. Craig S. Keener, in his NIV Application Commentary series, suggests that the verse links eschatological hope with ethical living. These examples show the common thread within most commentaries that tie the promise of Revelation to the moral and faithful conduct of believers.