What does Revelation 3:16 mean?

So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth. Revelation 3:16

Explanation

Revelation 3:16 is a verse from the Book of Revelation in which Jesus Christ is addressing the church of Laodicea. The imagery of being lukewarm—neither hot nor cold—is used metaphorically to describe the spiritual state of the Laodicean church members. The term “lukewarm” suggests a lack of enthusiasm or commitment in their faith practice. They are neither zealous (hot) in their spiritual fervor nor completely unresponsive or indifferent (cold) to Christian teachings. Consequently, their tepid, half-hearted approach to faith is distasteful, likened to something that would be spat out, which indicates strong disapproval. The deeper meaning conveys the idea that a clear stance for or against something—especially in matters of faith—is preferable to ambivalence.

Historical Context

The Book of Revelation was written by John, traditionally held to be John the Apostle, though some scholars debate this. The book is dated approximately to the end of the first century A.D., during a time of persecution for early Christians. Laodicea, located in present-day Turkey, was a wealthy city known for banking, medicine, and textile industries. It was prone to earthquakes and had an unreliable water supply, necessitating water to be brought in through aqueducts. Curiously, nearby Hierapolis was known for its hot springs, and Colossae for its cold, refreshing waters, contrasting with Laodicea’s tepid water, which may have inspired this metaphor.

Theological Insights

In the field of theology, this verse serves as a warning against complacency and nominal Christianity. Some interpretations suggest that hot water might symbolize vibrant, life-giving action, while cold water might represent refreshing honesty and sincerity – both of which are considered useful and valuable spiritual states. A lukewarm Christian is seen as one who lacks conviction, is indifferent, and does not live out the demands of the gospel fully. From an eschatological perspective, the reference to being “spued out” has been connected to final judgment and the belief that faith without works or substance cannot endure.

Practical Applications

The practical application of Revelation 3:16 is a call to self-reflection and reassessment of one’s spiritual health and commitment. It encourages individuals to be earnest and zealous in their relationship with God rather than indifferent. This may mean revitalizing personal or communal devotion, serving others with passion, or taking an unequivocal stand on moral and social issues informed by one’s faith. The essence is to avoid a complacent attitude that might lead to spiritual stagnation.

Cross-References

• Romans 12:11 (KJV): “Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord;”
• Titus 1:16 (KJV): “They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.”

Language Study

The original Greek word translated as “lukewarm” is χλιαρός (chliaros), which means tepid or mildly warm. When it comes to the phrase “I will spue thee out of my mouth,” “spue” is translated from the Greek verb ἐμέω (emeō), which can mean “vomit,” “reject,” or “spit out.” The harshness of the language underscores the severity of the rejection of the lukewarm state.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient Greek and Roman culture, devotion to the gods was often judged by the level of fervor and the sacrifices made. Religious ceremonies often required enthusiastic participation to be considered genuine. In contrast, lukewarm participation could be seen as a sign of disrespect. Similarly, many religions highlight the importance of passionate practice and commitment, often discouraging half-hearted adherence.

Scientific Perspectives

Though not directly tied to science, the concept of being lukewarm can be related to principles of thermodynamics where energy, represented by heat, dissipates until it reaches equilibrium with its surroundings. The lukewarm condition is akin to a state lacking the energy to cause change—an analogy for lack of spiritual fervor that fails to make an impact.

commentaries

Commentators have various perspectives on this verse. Matthew Henry’s Commentary suggests that spiritual pride, self-content, and self-conceit are at the root of the lukewarm state and that repentance is necessary. The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary emphasizes that the Laodicean church’s self-sufficiency and material affluence led them to a sense of false security and spiritual apathy. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary posits that the Laodiceans’ middle-of-the-road approach was detrimental to their witness as Christians. Overall, while the interpretations of the consequences of being lukewarm vary, the consensus among commentaries is that this state is rebuked and advised against.