What does Romans 15:21 mean?

But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand. Romans 15:21

Explanation

Romans 15:21 speaks to the missionary mandate of the Apostle Paul and the early church’s commitment to evangelize those who had never heard of Jesus Christ. This verse encapsulates the idea of reaching out beyond familiar territories to preach the gospel to new peoples. The Apostle Paul quotes from the Old Testament prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 52:15), to express that God’s salvation through Jesus Christ is intended for all nations, not just those who are already aware of the Hebrew scriptures. Paul emphasises that the message of the gospel will reach those who were previously unaware of the Messiah, and that they will come to understand God’s plan of salvation.

Historical Context

This verse is situated within Paul’s letter to the Romans, which was written circa A.D. 57. Paul had not yet visited Rome when he wrote the letter, and he expresses his desire to preach the gospel where Christ had not yet been named. The historical context involves the early expansion of Christianity from its Jewish roots into the wider Greco-Roman world. Paul sees his missionary work as fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah, by being a “light to the Gentiles” and spreading the word of God to all nations.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, Romans 15:21 highlights the universal scope of the Christian mission and the inclusion of Gentiles in God’s plan of salvation. In reiterating Isaiah’s prophecy, Paul underscores that God’s grace and the message of Jesus are not constrained by cultural or ethnic boundaries. This reflects the understanding that the gospel is a force for unity and transformation, and that it is intended for all people regardless of their prior knowledge or background.

Practical Applications

Practically speaking, Romans 15:21 inspires believers to reach out to those who have not heard the gospel. This can be manifested by supporting missionary work, engaging in intercultural dialogue, and being open to sharing one’s faith with others. It serves as an encouragement for Christians to be proactive in spreading the message of Jesus, and a reminder of the importance of inclusivity and openness in their approach to evangelism.

Cross-References

• Isaiah 52:15: “So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for [that] which had not been told them shall they see; and [that] which they had not heard shall they consider.”
• Romans 10:14-15: “How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher?”
• Acts 13:47: “For so hath the Lord commanded us, [saying], I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.”

Language Study

The original Greek text of this verse, particularly the word for “understand” (συνιήσουσιν), pertains to the act of comprehending or grasping a concept. The implication is not merely hearing but internalizing and making sense of the gospel message. “Spoken of” is translated from the Greek word (λαληθέντων), which refers to something that has been reported or told.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing this verse with other ancient myths and religious interpretations, many cultures have stories of divine truths being revealed to the unaware or uninitiated. For instance, in Greek mythology, the god Hermes was known as the messenger who brought divine messages to humans. In comparison, Paul’s mission represents a historical unfolding, where the divine message of salvation is not kept within a select group but is intended for all humanity.

Scientific Perspectives

While this verse does not directly intersect with scientific understandings, the notion of communication and the spread of information can be likened to modern studies of language acquisition and the diffusion of innovation. The psychological and social dynamics of how new ideas are received and understood could be reflected upon when considering this verse’s emphasis on reaching those who have not heard.

Commentaries

Commentators on Romans 15:21 note Paul’s use of an Isaiah citation to affirm his commitment to evangelism. John Stott, in his commentary “The Message of Romans,” suggests that it was an apostolic priority for Paul to preach where Christ was unknown. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary points out that this verse underscores Paul’s role as a pioneer missionary to the Gentiles, with the scope of his mission being as broad as the prophecy itself, extending the message to all nations.