What does Romans 16:19 mean?

For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil. Romans 16:19

Explanation

Romans 16:19 speaks to the Christian believers in Rome and acknowledges their obedience to the Gospel, which has become renowned among other Christian communities. The apostle Paul, who is traditionally considered the author of Romans, expresses joy regarding their faithfulness but also imparts a gentle warning or exhortation. He desires for them to be “wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil.”

Being “wise unto that which is good” suggests that believers should understand and discern what is righteous, virtuous, and aligns with Christian teachings. It’s a call to have a deep understanding and commitment to doing good.

The latter part of the verse, “simple concerning evil,” implies that believers should be innocent or untainted by evil. The word “simple” here does not connote lacking intelligence or naivety but rather being pure and not corrupted by sinful behaviors, attitudes, or worldly wisdom that stands contrary to God’s will.

Historical Context

This verse is situated near the end of Paul’s letter to the Romans, written likely in the mid-first century A.D. The epistle was composed as Paul was preparing to visit Rome, with the intention of bringing the Christian message to Spain. Romans reflects early Christian theology and the challenges of uniting Jewish and Gentile believers into one church. The exhortation in this verse would have resonated in the context of a Roman society filled with various pagan practices and moral values often at odds with Christian ethics.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse captures key aspects of Pauline thought. Paul emphasizes holiness and the transformative power of the Gospel. The “obedience” likely refers to the Roman Christians’ faith in Christ and adherence to Paul’s teachings. From a theological standpoint, their known obedience becomes a testimony to the transformative power of the Gospel. Paul’s desire for wisdom in good and simplicity in evil reflects a Christian worldview that dichotomizes good and evil, advocating for a life that actively pursues righteousness while eschewing sinful behavior.

Practical Applications

Romans 16:19 can be applied in various ways in a believer’s life. Christians can take this verse as an encouragement to focus on what is good, virtuous, and pleasing to God while keeping distance from activities, behaviors, and even thought patterns that are harmful or misaligned with their faith. This approach requires discernment, a conscious effort to pursue good works, and a lifestyle that reflects the values of their faith without being contaminated by societal practices that conflict with Christian ethics.

Cross-References

• Philippians 4:8: “Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.”
• 1 Thessalonians 5:21-22: “Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. Abstain from all appearance of evil.”
• Matthew 10:16: “Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.”

Language Study

In the original Greek, the word for “wise” is “σοφοί” (sophoi), which involves prudence, discernment, and insight. “Good” translates from “ἀγαθός” (agathos), which encompasses moral goodness, virtue, and generosity.

The Greek word “ἀκέραιος” (akeraios) is translated as “simple,” and it carries a connotation of purity, innocence, and being unmixed. In this context, it implies a straightforward integrity uncorrupted by evil.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The wisdom literature in various cultures often parallels the duality of good and evil, and the exhortation to pursue virtue while avoiding moral pitfalls. For instance, in Confucianism, there is an emphasis on cultivating personal virtue and societal harmony. Similar themes can be found in ancient Egyptian and Greek wisdom texts which stress right behavior and simplicity of character.

In religious contexts, many traditions have similar calls for purity and wisdom. Buddhism, for example, urges followers to seek enlightenment and to avoid ignorance, while Hinduism has the concept of dharma where adherents are encouraged to live righteously.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern psychology and sociology may align with the notion in Romans 16:19 that cultivating positive behavior and shielding oneself from negative influences can contribute to better mental health and societal well-being. The concepts of wisdom and simplicity can correlate with psychological constructs such as emotional intelligence and authenticity, which are associated with positive mental health outcomes.

Commentaries

Commentators through the centuries have expanded upon Romans 16:19 with various interpretations. Matthew Henry’s Commentary praises the Roman believers’ obedience to the faith and views Paul’s advice as a precaution against the seductions of sin, emphasizing the need for Christian prudence. The Expositor’s Greek Testament highlights the pastoral concern of Paul for the well-being of his readers, encouraging them to combine innocence with knowledge.

More contemporary commentaries, like the New International Commentary on the New Testament, discuss this verse in light of Paul’s pastoral strategy, noting its relevance to the social and moral challenges faced by the Roman church in a pagan environment. These insights continue to be relevant as they encourage readers to balance their engagement with the world with their commitment to Christian ideals.