What does Deuteronomy 31:23 mean?

And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I sware unto them: and I will be with thee. Deuteronomy 31:23

Explanation

Deuteronomy 31:23 relays a significant moment where Moses, nearing the end of his life and leadership, officially appoints Joshua as his successor to lead the Israelites into the Promised Land. The verse conveys God’s directive to Joshua to be “strong and of a good courage,” instilling confidence that he will guide the people to their inherited land. Fundamentally, this verse imparts assurance and a confirmation of divine support. The metaphorical handing of the torch from Moses to Joshua marks a pivotal continuation of Israel’s journey and covenant with God. The instructions to be strong and courageous suggest that leadership and the tasks ahead would be challenging, but achievable with God’s presence and guidance.

Historical Context

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah, traditionally believed to be written by Moses. This verse falls within Moses’ final address to the Israelites before his death, as they stood on the plains of Moab, at the end of their 40 years of wandering in the desert. During this period, the Israelite community was transitioning from the wilderness phase of their history to a settled nation in Canaan. Joshua had been Moses’ assistant since youth, and earlier in Numbers 27:18-23, God instructed Moses to lay his hand on Joshua, endowing him with authority. This act of commissioning Joshua was central to ensuring the continuity of leadership and the fulfilment of the promise God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob regarding the land of Israel.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, this verse affirms divine providence and the importance of faith in God’s promises. In Judeo-Christian traditions, it is often interpreted as a reassurance that God empowers and accompanies the faithful in their missions, despite the magnitude of the obstacles they face. Among various theological interpretations, one significant view is that Joshua’s mandate to lead reflects God’s sovereign will and the unfolding of salvation history, where each individual has a role in the divine plan. The call to be strong and courageous is not just a call for physical or emotional fortitude but implies a deep, abiding trust in God’s covenant and faithfulness.

Practical Applications

Deuteronomy 31:23 provides a model for leadership that balances the need for personal strength and courage with reliance on divine guidance. In a practical sense, individuals facing transitions, new challenges, or leadership roles can draw inspiration from Joshua’s appointment to approach their tasks with confidence, sincerity, and the understanding that they are not alone in their endeavors. The verse can be seen as an encouragement to seek guidance and strength from a higher power or community when embarking on significant life changes or facing daunting responsibilities.

Cross-References

• Joshua 1:6 – “Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land, which I sware unto their fathers to give them.”
• Joshua 1:9 – “Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.”
• Deuteronomy 31:6 – “Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of them: for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.”
• Numbers 27:18-23 – “And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him; […] And Moses did as the LORD commanded him: and he took Joshua, and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation;”

Language Study

The key phrases ‘chazak’ (strong) and ‘amats’ (of a good courage) are repeated throughout the Old Testament, especially in contexts of military challenges or significant leadership transitions. ‘Chazak’ implies not just physical strength, but also a firmness or steadfastness in purpose. ‘Amats’ carries the idea of determination, resolve, or being undaunted. These terms collectively underscore mental and spiritual resoluteness, echoing the Hebrew understanding that true strength comes from enduring faith and moral character, rather than mere physical might.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In broader ancient contexts, leaders were often seen as individuals chosen by the gods to enact divine will. This motif is widespread in Near Eastern myths and royal inscriptions, where kings are depicted receiving divine mandates. The commissioning of Joshua is similar in that it features a divine endorsement, but it is distinct in its focus on a moral and spiritual leadership, rather than the more common depiction of military might or royal privilege.

Scientific Perspectives

Deuteronomy 31:23 does not directly intersect with scientific concepts, as it is primarily a historical and theological narrative. However, modern psychology and leadership studies reinforce the value of confidence and courage in effective leadership. While the verse itself does not offer scientific content, the principles of inner strength and the support of a community align with psychological theories concerning resilience, motivation, and the social aspects of human behavior.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer a variety of perspectives on this verse:

• Traditional Jewish commentators, like Rashi, highlight that Joshua’s commissioning was an important public act intended to solidify Joshua’s authority and reassure the people.
• Christian commentators often emphasize the typology of Joshua as a precursor to Jesus, noting that both names mean “the LORD is salvation.”
• Modern commentaries might focus on the leadership model presented, suggesting that true leadership entails a balance of personal conviction and the embrace of guidance from outside oneself, be that the community, tradition, or divine influence.

This variety of interpretations reflects the multifaceted nature of the text and its ability to speak across different cultures and time periods.