What does Deuteronomy 33:19 mean?

They shall call the people unto the mountain; there they shall offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand. Deuteronomy 33:19

Explanation

[Deuteronomy 33:19] is part of Moses’ final blessing to the tribes of Israel before his death. In this verse, Moses addresses the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar. The “mountain” mentioned here could refer to the place of worship or an altar, suggesting that the people will worship God on the mountains. The “sacrifices of righteousness” implies that these offerings are to be made in a manner that is right and true, in accordance with God’s will.

The latter part of the verse speaks of the material blessings that these tribes will enjoy, which includes drawing from the “abundance of the seas” and the “treasures hid in the sand.” This suggests that they might benefit from maritime activities such as fishing and trade, as well as from resources found in the earth, potentially referring to minerals or agricultural fertility.

Historical Context

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Bible and part of the Pentateuch. It is set in the context of the Israelites on the brink of entering the Promised Land, which they are about to conquer. Moses delivers speeches that include retellings of their history, laws, and blessings for the future. This verse falls under the blessings section, where Moses blesses each of the twelve tribes of Israel with promises of God’s favor.

Theological Insights

Different theological perspectives might look at this verse in various ways. From a Jewish perspective, it might be seen as a literal blessing over the tribes, linked with obedience to the Torah. A Christian viewpoint might interpret it as symbolic of spiritual blessings and a call to righteous living. Some theologians might also see it as foreshadowing Christ, who is often described as the ultimate sacrifice.

Practical Applications

In a practical sense, this verse can remind individuals of the importance of worshipping God and living in a way that aligns with divine expectations. It also speaks to God’s providence, suggesting that faithfulness to God can result in blessings that may be both spiritual and material.

Cross-References

• Genesis 49:13 – “Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon.”
• Isaiah 1:19 – “If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:”
• Psalm 4:5 – “Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the LORD.”

Language Study

• “Sacrifices of righteousness” – The Hebrew word for “righteousness” is “tsedaqah,” which encompasses justice, virtue, and moral rectitude.
• “Suck” – A word that translates from the Hebrew “yanaq,” meaning to derive sustenance or benefit.
• “Abundance” – This word comes from the Hebrew “robe,” which signifies greatness or multitude.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Ancient societies often linked divine favor with material prosperity. Like in Mesopotamian or Egyptian religious practices, blessings from deities included fertile land and bountiful harvests. In the context of Israel, blessings for obedience to their God included both spiritual and material wealth, as seen in this verse.

Scientific Perspectives

The mention of “abundance of the seas” and “treasures hid in the sand” can be looked at through an environmental lens. These terms reflect the natural resources that we understand today to be crucial to different ecosystems and human economies, such as fisheries and mineral resources.

Commentaries

Commentators often highlight the unique blessings given to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar, with an emphasis on the tribes’ future prosperity tied to their geographical location and implied economic activities. Matthew Henry’s commentary, for instance, notes how this blessing for Zebulun and Issachar includes joy in their tents, intimating a content and domestic life. It also reflects on the broader call for people to worship God rightly and expect blessings in obedience.