What does Exodus 7:7 mean?

And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh. Exodus 7:7

Explanation

Exodus 7:7 informs us of the ages of Moses and Aaron at the time they were engaged in dealings with Pharaoh of Egypt. Moses was 80 years old, and Aaron was 83 years old when they spoke to Pharaoh, which conveys the idea that they were well advanced in years, yet they were called to lead a significant endeavor. In a literal sense, this verse places the story in a temporal context and underscores the longevity of the two brothers. On a deeper level, it may suggest that wisdom, and perhaps divine calling, is not limited by age and that their life experiences had prepared them for the monumental task ahead.

Historical Context

Exodus is the second book of the Bible and forms part of the Pentateuch or Torah, traditionally believed to have been written by Moses himself. The events described in Exodus are thought to date back to around the 13th century BCE. The verse in question is situated at the beginning of Moses and Aaron’s direct confrontations with Pharaoh, which leads to the eventual liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. At that time, Egypt was a dominant power in the region, and the Israelites were a subjugated people within it.

Theological Insights

From a Jewish theological perspective, the passage underscores the faithfulness and perseverance required to fulfill God’s commands, regardless of one’s age. For Christians, Moses and Aaron are often seen as types of Christ, demonstrating obedience and leadership. It also brings forth the idea that God’s plans are not limited by human standards of ability or age.

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Practical Applications

The verse can serve to inspire people that it is never too late to undertake a new mission or heed a call to action. It provides encouragement to those who may feel that their time for making a significant impact has passed, reminding them that age can coincide with spiritual maturity and readiness for important tasks.

Cross-References

• Exodus 3:10 — “Come now, therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt.”
• Exodus 4:14 — “Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart.”
• Deuteronomy 34:7 — “And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.”

Language Study

In the original Hebrew, “fourscore” translates to “שמונים” (shmonim) meaning “eighty,” and is meant to reflect not just the numerical age but also an era of life, generally associated with wisdom and authority in ancient times. The use of their specific ages may stress the gravity of the situation and the fact that Moses and Aaron took on these substantial roles at a stage of life when many would be expected to retire from active public service.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures, age was often associated with wisdom, and leaders were often chosen from among the elders. Historic figures such as Greek philosopher Socrates and the Roman senator Cato the Elder also became influential in their later years, indicating a cross-cultural appreciation for the guidance of the aged.

Scientific Perspectives

Scientifically speaking, modern gerontology would support the notion that cognitive abilities and wisdom can remain intact and even continue to develop into old age. The fact that Moses and Aaron led such a significant movement at an advanced age may align with modern understandings of the potential for leadership and contribution late in life.

Commentaries

Commentaries on this verse often reflect on the readiness of Moses and Aaron at their advanced age, their unwavering faith in God’s plan, and the remarkable nature of their mission given the circumstances. Matthew Henry’s commentary, for example, focuses on how Moses and Aaron were ripe for service, highlighting the respect typically afforded to the aged, which may have lent them authority in their dealings with Pharaoh. The emphasis within various commentaries is often on the divine enabling of the two men to perform their duties despite any physical limitations associated with their age.

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