What does Genesis 31:17 mean?
Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels; Genesis 31:17
Explanation
Genesis 31:17 describes a moment where Jacob, also known as Israel, takes a decisive step in separating himself from Laban, his father-in-law. Jacob had entered into an agreement to work for Laban in exchange for the opportunity to marry his two daughters, Leah and Rachel. After years of labor and experiencing deceit and changes in terms from Laban, Jacob decides to leave with his family and possessions back to the land of his father, Isaac. This verse highlights the practical steps Jacob takes in his departure by placing his wives and children on camels, illustrating the patriarchal culture of the time where the male head of the household leads and organizes the family’s moves.
Historical Context
Genesis 31:17 takes place within the broader narrative of Jacob’s life and his complex relationship with Laban. The historical context is the ancient Near East, specifically the region of Paddan-aram, during the second millennium BCE. This period was characterized by a semi-nomadic lifestyle where wealth was measured in herds and flocks, and social structures were largely patriarchal. The practice of polygamy was common, and marriages often formed alliances between families. The use of camels indicates the existence of domesticated animals that were critical for transportation and movement of goods in this era.
Theological Insights
Christians see this verse reflecting God’s providential care for Jacob, whom He had chosen to continue the Abrahamic covenant. It is also indicative of God’s faithfulness in fulfilling His promise to Jacob to protect and guide him back to his homeland. The departure can be interpreted symbolically as a step in the journey of faith, where one leaves the familiar behind to follow God’s calling.
Jewish interpretations might focus on the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant, with Jacob’s return to Canaan as a critical step in the unfolding of Israel’s history. The action reflects the value of taking initiative while being under divine protection.
Practical Applications
This verse serves as a reminder of the importance of using wisdom and practical action in the face of difficult circumstances. It shows the importance of responsibility in family leadership and the need for careful preparation when undertaking significant life changes or transitions.
Cross-References
- Genesis 31:3 – “And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee.”
- Genesis 28:15 – “And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.”
- Genesis 30:43 – “And the man increased exceedingly, and had much cattle, and maidservants, and menservants, and camels, and asses.”
Language Study
The Hebrew word used for “rose up” is “וַיָּקָם” (vayakam), which can mean physically standing up but also metaphorically taking action. The mention of “his sons and his wives upon camels” indicates Jacob’s role as the family leader, with the Hebrew term for “set” being “וַיָּשֶׂב” (vayasev), which denotes causing to sit or placing, reflecting deliberate organization.
Cultural and Religious Comparisons
In ancient Mesopotamian myths, such as those found in the Epic of Gilgamesh, there is a theme of journeys that often entail personal transformation. Jacob’s journey can be seen in a similar light as one towards greater spiritual growth. While other ancient traditions may depict deities with more capricious behavior, the God of the Bible is depicted as faithful and protective to those He has chosen.
Scientific Perspectives
Modern zoology confirms the importance of the camel to ancient Near Eastern societies as a beast of burden capable of traveling long distances with heavy loads. Their domestication and use in this region are archaeologically attested to, aligning with this biblical account.
Commentaries
Various biblical scholars and theologians have offered insights into this verse. Matthew Henry’s commentary emphasizes the stealth of Jacob’s departure, suggesting that he was prompted by necessity to leave unannounced due to Laban’s dishonest behavior. The Pulpit Commentary discusses the cultural context of the time and considers the logistics of Jacob’s journey, including the challenges he may have faced. The Jewish commentator Rashi notes that Jacob’s setting up his family on camels implies not only physical preparation for departure but also readiness for whatever challenges might come.
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