What does Joshua 1:11 mean?

Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which the LORD your God giveth you to possess it. Joshua 1:11

Explanation

Joshua 1:11 instructs the Israelites to prepare provisions for their journey because in three days they will cross the Jordan River to take possession of the land that God has promised to them. The verse conveys a sense of urgency and preparation for the culmination of a divine promise. Literally, it means that the people need to gather food and supplies necessary for their imminent travel. On a deeper level, this verse speaks to the need for readiness and obedience when approaching a significant moment that has been ordained by God.

Historical Context

Joshua 1:11 is situated at the beginning of the Book of Joshua, which follows the death of Moses. The Israelites are encamped on the plains of Moab, poised to enter the Promised Land, Canaan. This land had been promised to their ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, centuries earlier. The command to prepare provisions indicates a shift from the wandering in the wilderness, where they had been reliant on manna provided by God, to a time where they must take initiative and demonstrate faith in God’s promise by their actions.

Theological Insights

From a Christian theological perspective, this verse illustrates the principle of active faith—taking concrete steps in line with God’s promises. It also signifies a transition from provision in the wilderness to self-sufficiency in the Promised Land. For Jewish theology, it is a pivotal moment of transition, where the nomadic existence gives way to settling in a promised homeland. This event is an outworking of the covenantal relationship with God.

Practical Applications

The teaching of this verse can be applied in modern life as a metaphor for preparation and readiness when facing a major life transition or undertaking. It encourages believers to be proactive, gather the necessary resources, both spiritually and materially, and to trust in divine timing. It also calls upon individuals to heed directives that may come in moments of change or before entering a new phase of life.

Cross-References

• Deuteronomy 9:1: “Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations…”
• Joshua 3:5: “And Joshua said unto the people, Sanctify yourselves: for to morrow the LORD will do wonders among you.”

Language Study

The key words in the original Hebrew that are worth analyzing are:

• “Pass through” (Hebrew: עברו) – implies movement and transition.
• “Host” (Hebrew: מחנה) – refers to the encampment or the collective group of Israelites.
• “Prepare” (Hebrew: פָּקַד) – usually means to take a census or visit, but here it implies making ready or setting in order.
• “Victuals” (Hebrew: צֵידָה) – specifically refers to food supplies for the journey.
• “Possess” (Hebrew: ירש) – to inherit or take ownership, often used in a legal sense.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to other ancient cultures, the concept of a deity granting land or victory is common. For example, in many Mesopotamian texts, gods are shown favoring kings or people with the promise of land. However, the Israelite context is unique in its monotheistic viewpoint and the idea of a personal, covenantal relationship with their God, who directs and sustains their history.

Scientific Perspectives

From a modern scientific standpoint, the crossing of the Jordan River does not necessarily hold scientific significance, but the reference to preparing victuals shows a practical understanding of the need for food and supplies during human migration and travel.

Commentaries

Various Biblical scholars and theologians offer insights into Joshua 1:11:

• Matthew Henry’s commentary emphasizes the necessary preparation for the Israelites’ significant task ahead and their reliance on God’s promise.
• The Pulpit Commentary discusses the transition from a wandering lifestyle to one of conquest and settlement, and the obedience required by the Israelites in following God’s command.
• The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges notes the three-day period as a time for the people to mentally prepare for the task of crossing Jordan and commences their new life in Canaan.

Experts generally agree that this verse stands as a call to action and compliance with divine instruction, marking an important moment in Israelite history.