What does Psalms 103:20 mean?

Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. Psalms 103:20

Explanation

Psalm 103:20 calls for the angels of the LORD to bless Him. The angels are described as mighty beings who excel in strength and obediently carry out God’s commandments. They are attentive to the voice of His word, suggesting a readiness to respond to God’s will. This verse elevates the status of angels as powerful and dutiful servants of God and also highlights the sovereignty of God whose word is authoritative and effective. It implies that even celestial beings, despite their might and position, are in service to the Creator and His decrees.

Historical Context

Psalm 103 is attributed to King David and is a psalm of thanksgiving that praises God for His mercies and forgiveness. The historical context reflects the religious understanding of the Israelites during the time of David, where Yahweh, the God of Israel, is seen as the supreme being with a host of heavenly servants. Angels were considered messengers or agents of God, carrying out His purposes on earth and in the heavens.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, Psalm 103:20 contributes to angelology, which is the study of angels. It acknowledges the existence of a divine order where angels serve God. In monotheistic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, angels are typically viewed as holy beings who mediate between God and humanity. This verse reinforces the concept of divine hierarchy and God’s omnipotence.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, this verse can inspire believers to reflect on their own obedience and attentiveness to God’s commands. It gives an example of total commitment to divine will that people can aspire to in their daily lives. This verse encourages a stance of humility and service, recognizing that if celestial beings revere and obey God, humans have even more reason to do so.

Cross-References

• Psalm 148:2: “Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts.”
• Hebrews 1:14: “Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?”
• Psalm 104:4: “Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire:”

Language Study

The Hebrew word for angels in this verse is “מלאכיו” (malakav), which derives from the root “מלאך” (mal’akh), meaning messenger or envoy. The phrase “that excel in strength” translates from “עשי חיל,” which literally means “doers of force” or “performers of power.” The word for commandments, “דברו” (devaro), also implies “word,” indicating God’s spoken edicts. By examining the original language, the power dynamic and the immediacy of the angels’ response to God’s word are emphasized.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures and religions, there are concepts similar to angels, such as the Roman “genii” or the Greek “daimones,” who act as divine intermediaries. However, the Judeo-Christian tradition is unique in its emphasis on monotheism and the sense that angels serve one supreme deity. Unlike some polytheistic cultures where lesser gods might have rivalries or be in competition, the angels of Psalm 103:20 show complete unity and submission to one God.

Scientific Perspectives

While the verse sits primarily within a religious and spiritual domain, scientific perspectives on it are generally nonexistent because science does not address or confirm the existence of supernatural beings like angels. However, the concept of orderly systems and hierarchy is common both in the natural world, as seen in biological or ecological systems, and in the metaphysical hierarchy suggested by this verse.

Commentaries

Commentators from various traditions may interpret Psalm 103:20 differently. Christian commentators may see it as portending the New Testament understanding of angels as spiritual warriors and messengers. Jewish commentators often see the verse affirming God’s ultimate authority within the heavenly host. In both cases, scholars and theologians recognize this passage as a beautiful articulation of celestial praise and divine order.