What does Psalms 106:16 mean?

They envied Moses also in the camp, and Aaron the saint of the LORD. Psalms 106:16

Explanation

Psalm 106:16 speaks of envy within the Israelite community during their time in the wilderness after being liberated from Egyptian bondage. In this verse, the psalmist recounts how Moses, the leader God appointed to deliver the Israelites from Egypt, and Aaron, his brother and the first high priest, were targets of envy by others within the camp. The phrase “envied Moses” suggests discontent and jealousy from some in the community toward Moses’ leadership role and perhaps the special relationship he held with God. “Aaron the saint of the LORD” denotes Aaron’s holy position as high priest and his consecration to the service of God. This recognition of Aaron as a saint, or holy person, further emphasizes the sacrilege in the act of envying someone appointed by God for divine service.

Historical Context

Psalm 106 is a historical psalm that reviews the history of Israel, emphasizing the nation’s failures and sins, as well as the steadfastness of God’s mercy. It likely dates from a time after the Babylonian exile, reflecting on past events to draw lessons and encourage faithfulness. The specific event alluded to in verse 16 is not detailed here, but it may refer to the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, as recorded in Numbers 16, where certain leaders rose up against Moses and Aaron, challenging their authority.

Theological Insights

Theologically, Psalm 106:16 touches on themes of divine authority and the sin of envy. It implies that Moses and Aaron, being chosen by God, should not have been subjects of jealousy by the people—reinforcing the idea that God’s decisions and appointments are sovereign and ought to be respected. This verse also suggests that divine office comes with a measure of sanctity, as seen with the reference to Aaron as “the saint of the LORD.” From a Christian perspective, it may also be read as a lesson on the importance of respecting and supporting those in spiritual leadership positions.

Practical Applications

This verse can speak to contemporary audiences about the dangers of envy, especially within spiritual communities. It serves as a reminder to respect and support those in leadership, recognizing that such roles are often filled in accordance with a higher purpose or calling. Additionally, it encourages individuals to address feelings of jealousy or discontent constructively rather than allowing them to lead to rebellion or division.

Cross-References

• Numbers 16:3 – “And they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron, and said unto them, [Ye take too much upon you, seeing all the congregation are holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them: wherefore then lift ye up yourselves above the congregation of the LORD?]”
• Numbers 12:1-2 – “And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman. And they said, Hath the LORD indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he not spoken also by us? And the LORD heard it.”
• Acts 7:39 – “To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,”

Language Study

The original Hebrew word for “envied” is “qin’u,” stemming from the root “qana,” which denotes feelings of jealousy or envy. This gives a sense of strong emotional discontent. The word translated as “saint” is “hasid,” derived from the root “hesed,” connoting godly kindness or piety, indicating Aaron’s devout status in relation to God.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In various ancient Near Eastern cultures, there are stories of rivalry and envy that lead to calamity or divine judgment. The envy found in Psalms 106:16 parallels such narratives where those who act out of jealousy often face negative consequences, a moral also found in Greek mythology such as the stories concerning Hera’s jealousy. In religious interpretations, envy is commonly regarded as a destructive emotion or sin. For instance, in Judaism, envy is considered one of the primary negative traits to overcome, echoing the sentiments found in this Psalm.

Scientific Perspectives

The scientific perspective on envy considers it a natural human emotion with evolutionary underpinnings. It could have served as a motivator to improve one’s status or to emulate successful group members. However, modern psychology also recognizes that unchecked envy can lead to destructive behaviors. The events described in Psalm 106:16 might be seen from a psychological viewpoint, focusing on the group dynamics and individual behaviors reflecting envy and its potential for causing dissent within communities.

Commentaries

Commentators such as Matthew Henry and Charles Spurgeon speak on the ingratitude and lack of faith displayed by the Israelites by envying Moses and Aaron. They point out that envy is a sin that often resides in the heart, leading to more overt acts of rebellion and strife, such as those highlighted in Psalm 106. These commentators also emphasize God’s mercy in spite of the people’s failings and the ultimate need for dependence on God rather than on human leaders.