What does 1 Timothy 5:23 mean?

Explanation

1 Timothy 5:23 is an instruction given by the Apostle Paul to his younger colleague Timothy.

On the surface, it appears to be a simple recommendation concerning health: Timothy is advised to no longer drink water exclusively but to use a little wine for the sake of his stomach and his frequent ailments.

The deeper meaning of this verse can be interpreted as Paul's care for the well-being of his fellow worker in the ministry, acknowledging that physical health is important for effective service.

It may also suggest that Paul is advocating for balance and common sense in following dietary or ascetic practices, which were common in religious circles at that time.

Historical Context

This epistle was written in the 1st century A.D., a time when clean drinking water could be hard to come by, and waterborne illnesses were prevalent.

Unlike today, the ancients did not have the benefits of modern sanitation.

In this context, wine was often safer to drink than water because its alcohol content would have helped to kill harmful bacteria.

Furthermore, wine was considered to have various medicinal properties.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, this verse may be seen as evidence that the Bible does not demand total abstinence from alcohol but cautions against overindulgence (Ephesians 5:18).

It demonstrates that the Bible allows for the responsible use of alcohol for health and enjoyment purposes when not leading to excess or stumbling others.

Practical Applications

Today, this verse can be applied to encourage practical care for one's health and the health of others. It emphasizes the importance of balance and wisdom in lifestyle choices, be it eating, drinking, or other practices that affect well-being.

While the specific context of wine and water may not hold the same relevance given modern water treatment, the principle of moderation and care for one's body remains.

Cross-References

• Ecclesiastes 9:7: "Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works."
• Proverbs 31:6-7: "Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts.

Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more."

• Ephesians 5:18: "And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;"

Language Study

The key phrase “use a little wine” comes from the Greek words “οἶνον ὀλίγον” (oinon oligon).

“Oinos” is the common Greek word for wine, and "oligon" means "a little" or "some." The phrase emphasizes moderation. Likewise, the Greek word for “stomach” is “στόμαχον” (stomachon), which is used in the literal sense here as part of the digestive system.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient cultures, wine was often associated with various deities and used in religious rituals. For example, Dionysus was the Greek god of wine.

However, the Jewish and early Christian views of wine were generally positive but with an emphasis on moderation.

Jewish customs included wine in celebrations and religious ceremonies, such as the Passover.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern science supports the idea that moderate wine consumption can have health benefits, such as containing antioxidants and potentially improving heart health.

However, it also acknowledges that excessive drinking can lead to numerous health problems. It coincides with the biblical perspective of moderation as being beneficial.

Commentaries

Various bible commentaries offer diverse understandings of this verse.

Some suggest that this advice was practical, addressing the unsanitary conditions of water at the time. Others focus more on the spiritual implications, noting that it demonstrates a balance between caring for the physical body and ensuring it doesn't detract from spiritual duties.

Commentators like Matthew Henry consider it a prudent advice for those who might take a vow of abstinence to an extreme, causing unintended harm to their health.