What does 2 Corinthians 13:12 mean?

Explanation

"Greet one another with an holy kiss." This straightforward directive from the apostle Paul to the Corinthian church is found near the end of his second letter to them.

At face value, the instruction is for members of the church to greet each other warmly and with a sign of affection and unity, which at that time and culture was represented by a holy kiss.

This phrase embodies the deep fellowship and love that should exist within the body of Christ, encouraging believers to show genuine care and connection.

The term "holy" signifies that this act of greeting is set apart from possibly erotic or romantic connotations, instead reflecting purity, brotherly love, and sanctified relationships within the Christian community.

Historical Context

The practice of greeting with a kiss was common in the Greco-Roman world and was not limited to Christian circles.

It was a customary way to show respect, friendship, or love among family and close friends.

However, in the context of the early Christian church, the kiss became a sign of the spiritual unity and equality of all believers before God.

This gesture transcended social and cultural divides that would typically have kept people apart.

Paul's instruction for a "holy kiss" indicates that it should be a respectful and appropriate gesture free from any improper associations.

Theological Insights

In theological terms, the holy kiss is often interpreted as a symbol of the peace and reconciliation achieved through Christ among believers.

It's a practical expression of the second greatest commandment, "Love your neighbor as yourself." The instruction also reflects the theological concept of koinonia, the Greek term for fellowship or communion among believers, which is fundamental in Pauline theology.

The holy kiss can be seen as an outward display of inner unity and love that members of the church share with one another in Christ.

Practical Applications

In modern times, while the literal practice of greeting with a kiss may not be as widespread or culturally acceptable in every context, the principle behind the instruction remains relevant.

Believers are encouraged to find culturally appropriate ways to show affection and maintain the spirit of unity and love in their interactions with fellow church members.

This might translate to a warm embrace, a handshake, a pat on the back, or even verbal affirmations of brotherly love and appreciation.

Cross-References

• Romans 16:16: "Salute one another with an holy kiss.

The churches of Christ salute you."

• 1 Thessalonians 5:26: "Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss."
• 1 Peter 5:14: "Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity.

Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus.

Amen."

• 1 Corinthians 16:20: "All the brethren greet you.

Greet ye one another with an holy kiss."

These cross-references indicate that the practice was not exclusive to the Corinthian church but was advised to other churches as well, suggesting a common custom among early Christians.

Language Study

In the original Greek, the phrase is "ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ".

The word "ἀσπάσασθε" ("aspasasthe") is an aorist middle imperative verb, suggesting a command to greet. "ἀλλήλους" ("allēlous") means one another, signifying a reciprocal action among the group.

The word "ἐν" ("en") translates as "with," indicating the means of greeting. "φιλήματι" ("philēmati") comes from "φίλημα" ("philema"), meaning "kiss," which in this context implies a non-romantic gesture of affection. "ἁγίῳ" ("hagio") is an adjective meaning "holy," suggesting a quality of purity and separateness from secular or irreverent implications.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In the broader context of ancient cultures, the act of kissing as a form of greeting was not unique to Christianity.

For instance, in Ancient Rome, the "osculum," a kiss on the mouth or cheek, was a common greeting among friends and family.

In Judaism, forms of greeting with a kiss were also documented, indicating a cultural crossover.

The Christian "holy kiss" brought a new dimension emphasizing spiritual fraternity rather than mere social convention.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific standpoint, studies on human behavior suggest that physical gestures like kissing or handshakes play a crucial role in social bonding and the release of neurotransmitters that promote feelings of happiness and trust.

While the "holy kiss" as described by Paul does not have a direct scientific concept, understanding the benefits of positive human touch can inform why such gestures, when performed with pure intent, contribute to the well-being and cohesion of a group.

Commentaries

Commentaries offer varying insights on this passage.

Some suggest that Paul's instruction on the holy kiss illustrates the egalitarian nature of the Christian community, breaking down barriers of class and social status.

Others focus on the aspect of holiness, sees it as a precursor to modern practices of Christian worship, such as the passing of the peace.

Additionally, the emphasis on the kiss being "holy" counters any potential misuse of the gesture, promoting it as an act of spiritual kinship rather than a potential occasion for sin or scandal.