What does Acts 22:20 mean?

Explanation

This verse is part of the Apostle Paul's defense before the people of Jerusalem and the Roman tribune.

Here, Paul recalls his presence at the stoning of Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Stephen's death is recorded in the Book of Acts, chapter 7, describing how he was executed by stoning for his faith in Jesus Christ.

Paul, referred to by his Hebrew name "Saul" at that time, openly admits his complicity in Stephen's death, not directly as an executioner but as one who gave his consent and watched over the cloaks of those who were the actual perpetrators.

This acknowledgment by Paul highlights his past hostility towards early Christians – a stark contrast to his later conversion and commitment to spreading the gospel.

Historical Context

During the time of the early church, shortly after the ascension of Jesus Christ, Stephen emerged as one of the devout followers of Christ and was chosen to be one of the seven deacons to help with the distribution to the needy within the Christian community.

His execution, as described in Acts chapter 7, occurred in a Jerusalem inflamed with tension over the burgeoning Christian faith.

The historical Saul, a Pharisee and a Roman citizen, was known for his zealous persecution of Christians until his dramatic conversion experience on the road to Damascus.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse spotlights several vital themes:

• Repentance and Forgiveness: Paul’s admission of his role in Stephen’s death is an example of repentance.

The contrast between his former life and his later apostleship is a powerful testimony to the idea of transformation through Christ.

• Witnessing: Stephen is considered the first Christian martyr, whose faithfulness unto death illustrates the call to witness Christ regardless of the cost.
• Sovereignty of God: The verse can also be seen within the context of God’s sovereignty, where even the enemies of the faith (like Saul) can become its greatest proponents.

Practical Applications

This verse exemplifies the radical transformation that can occur in a person’s life through faith in Jesus Christ. It encourages believers to embrace repentance, forgiveness, and maintaining faith in the face of persecution.

Additionally, it serves as a reminder that no one is beyond the reach of God's grace and that even those who oppose the faith can become its strongest advocates.

Cross-References

• Acts 7:58 – "And cast him out of the city, and stoned [him]: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul."
• Acts 8:1 – "And Saul was consenting unto his death.

And at that time there was a great persecution against the church which was at Jerusalem; and they were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judaea and Samaria, except the apostles."

• 1 Timothy 1:15 – "This [is] a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief."

Language Study

• Consenting (Greek: συνευδοκῶν, syneudokōn): This word means to approve of or agree with.

It indicates that Saul had a supportive role in Stephen’s execution.

• Martyr (Greek: μάρτυς, martys): Originally meant "witness".

Over time, due to events like Stephen's, it came to be associated with those who witness for their faith unto death.

• Raiment (Greek: ἱμάτια, himatia): This word refers to the outer garments or cloaks.

Saul guarding these garments symbolizes his active participation, even if not directly involved in the stoning.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing this account to other ancient traditions, one may find parallels in stories where former enemies become proponents of the cause they once opposed – a common trope in transformative narratives.

In religious texts, such conversions are sometimes seen as divine interventions into human affairs, changing the hearts of individuals for greater purposes.

Scientific Perspectives

The scientific community generally does not comment on matters of faith or religious experiences, like the conversion of Paul.

However, psychological studies do acknowledge that profound personal experiences can lead to significant changes in beliefs and behavior, which could be correlated with Paul's experience.

Commentaries

Commentaries on this verse generally focus on the depth of Paul's transformation.

Matthew Henry's commentary, for instance, expresses that Paul's mention of his past not only displays his deep remorse but also magnifies the mercy of God in his life.

The Expositor's Bible Commentary notes that Paul's role in the stoning of Stephen is indicative of his fervor for the Jewish law, which he later redirected towards spreading Christianity after his conversion experience.

These views are reflective of a traditional Christian interpretation that emphasizes redemption and the power of God's grace to redeem.