What does Ephesians 4:28 mean?

Explanation

Ephesians 4:28 urges individuals who were once thieves to stop stealing and start working for their livelihood.

The verse emphasizes the transformation expected of a person who has become a follower of Christ.

It is not enough to simply stop wrongdoing; the individual should also engage in constructive behavior.

The deeper implication is that honest labor is both a responsibility and a means to contribute positively to society.

The latter part of the verse stresses the idea of generosity, suggesting that hard work is not only for self-sustenance but also for helping those in need.

Historical Context

This verse was written by the Apostle Paul to the church in Ephesus, likely between A.D. 60-62 while he was under house arrest in Rome.

Ephesus was a key commercial hub in the Roman Empire, located in present-day Turkey.

During this time, many new converts to Christianity came from various backgrounds, which likely included those who had previously engaged in dishonest practices.

Paul addresses these new believers, teaching them about the ethical implications of their new faith and the expected moral transformation.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, Ephesians 4:28 reflects the Christian principle of sanctification, which is the process of becoming more like Christ.

This verse can be interpreted from various theological viewpoints:

• Calvinist Perspective: The changing of one's actions is evidence of God's transforming work in an individual's life.
• Arminian Perspective: The verse may be taken as an imperative command, urging believers to willfully choose good over evil.
• Lutheran Perspective: While good works are necessary, they are seen as a natural outflow of faith and not a means of salvation.
• Catholic Perspective: Good works are part of faith's expression, contributing to a life of virtue and the common good.

Practical Applications

In daily life, the teachings of this verse can be applied by encouraging honest living and a strong work ethic.

This can span from personal finance, to business ethics, to societal contributions.

People can interpret this as an admonition to strive for self-improvement and to assist others through their own resources.

Additionally, community involvement and charitable work are practical outgrowths of this teaching.

Cross-References

• 2 Thessalonians 3:10: "For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat."
• 1 Thessalonians 4:11-12: "And that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you;"
• Proverbs 28:19: "He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough."

Language Study

The original Greek word for "steal" used here is "κλέπτω" (klepto), where the English word "kleptomaniac" originates. This word specifically refers to the act of theft.

"Labour" comes from the Greek word "κοπιάω" (kopiaō), implying to work hard or toil.

"Needeth" is translated from "χρεία" (chreia), meaning the state of lacking or necessity. A study of these key words shows that the verse contrasts the lethargic and deceitful nature of theft with the dignity and productivity of labor.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The directive to stop stealing and instead work for a living is a common moral expectation in many religions and cultures.

For example, the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) commands in the eighth commandment, "Thou shalt not steal," reflecting a similar view on property rights and personal ethics.

In the ancient Code of Hammurabi, as well, there are laws that condemn theft and encourage restitution.

Scientific Perspectives

From a social science perspective, the value of work in providing purpose and structure to individual lives is well-documented.

Psychologists argue that gainful employment is key to a person's self-esteem and their ability to contribute to society.

Economic theories also support the idea that a society benefits when each member participates in the economy, highlighting the practical wisdom of Paul’s counsel.

commentaries

Commentaries offer varied interpretations and insights into Ephesians 4:28:

• John Stott (Anglican): Stresses the social dimension of sin and redemption; theft is both a personal sin and a social injustice, while labor contributes to society.
• Matthew Henry (Nonconformist): Focuses on the change in lifestyle that must accompany conversion, shifting from taking to giving.
• William Barclay (Universalist): Emphasizes the positive aspect of Christian living, noting it's not enough to stop doing evil, but one must also start doing good.
• Charles Hodge (Presbyterian): Reflects on the importance of sharing with those in need as the ultimate purpose of labor beyond merely supporting oneself.