What does Galatians 5:21 mean?

Explanation

Galatians 5:21 is a continuation of a section where the Apostle Paul outlines what he calls the "works of the flesh." In the context, "flesh" represents the sinful nature of human beings in contrast to the "Spirit," which is the nature led by the Holy Spirit.

The verse lists more behaviors that are considered manifestations of the flesh, which include envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings (partying excessively), and similar activities.

The warning Paul gives is stark: those who engage in such actions will not inherit the kingdom of God.

This does not suggest that committing these acts unpardonably bars one from heaven, but rather emphasizes the incompatibility of these sins with the transformed life that is expected of Christians.

In deeper terms, the warning is against a lifestyle or pattern of behavior that reflects a heart not transformed by the Gospel.

Historical Context

Galatians was written by Paul approximately in the late 40s or early 50s A.D. to the churches in Galatia, a region of modern-day Turkey.

This was a time when the early Christian community was wrestling with its identity and the inclusion of Gentiles alongside Jewish followers of Jesus.

There were debates over the necessity of following Jewish laws and traditions.

Paul wrote to refute the claims of Judaizers, who insisted that Gentile converts to Christianity needed to adhere to the Jewish law, particularly circumcision.

The broader context of Galatians deals with the concepts of freedom in Christ and the works of the law.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, different traditions may interpret this passage in Galatians in various ways.

A Reformed viewpoint might emphasize the total depravity of man and see these works of the flesh as evidence of innate sinfulness.

An Arminian might use this list to argue for the importance of human free will and responsibility in choosing to follow God's commands and live a righteous life.

A Catholic interpretation might place the vices mentioned within the framework of mortal sins that significantly separate one from God's grace and require the sacrament of confession for reconciliation.

Practical Applications

Practically speaking, this verse serves as a warning and guideline for personal conduct.

It encourages believers to examine their lives and identify any behaviors or habits that are reflective of the flesh rather than the Spirit.

The application calls for a commitment to spiritual growth and moral living, aiming to align one's life with the teachings of Jesus Christ and the prompting of the Holy Spirit.

The verse reinforces the need for ongoing repentance and vigilance against tendencies toward these destructive behaviors.

Cross-References

• Romans 8:13: "For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live."
• 1 Corinthians 6:9-10: "Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God?...

Neither thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God."

• Ephesians 5:18: "And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;"

Language Study

Key words in the original Greek and their meanings for this passage include:

• "Envyings" (φθόνοι, phthonoi): Feelings of jealousy and resentment toward others.
• "Murders" (φόνοι, phonoi): Acts of taking another's life.
• "Drunkenness" (μέθαι, methai): Intoxication to the point of losing control.
• "Revellings" (κῶμοι, komoi): Rowdy festivities or parties, often associated with drunkenness.
• "Shall not inherit" (οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν, ou kleronomēsousin): Will not receive as an heir, implying exclusion from the blessings of God's kingdom.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to other ancient religions and cultural myths, this passage is reflective of a monotheistic and ethical emphasis that contrasts with some polytheistic religions that often incorporated revelry and even excesses as part of their religious practices.

For example, the Bacchanalia festivals of the Romans celebrated the god Bacchus with wine and revelry.

In contrast, Christianity, as represented by this verse, emphasizes moderation, self-control, and living in a way that reflects the character of God.

Scientific Perspectives

From a modern scientific viewpoint, behaviors such as drunkenness can be evaluated for their psychological and physiological impacts.

Excessive alcohol consumption, for instance, has well-documented negative effects on mental and physical health.

The scientific perspective might view Paul's warnings as aligned with the understanding that such behaviors can be harmful to individuals and communities.

Commentaries

Commentaries on Galatians 5:21 often focus on the ethical implications of Paul's teachings.

John Stott, a noted biblical scholar, suggests that the works of the flesh are practical examples of how not to live if one is led by the Spirit.

The Expositor's Bible Commentary explains that the "works of the flesh" are out of step with the life in the Spirit and highlights the comprehensive nature of the list, addressing various types of sins that affect both personal integrity and community life.

Matthew Henry's Commentary emphasizes the serious consequence mentioned , exclusion from the kingdom of God , as a deterrent to such behaviors and a motive for Christian purity.