What does John 12:7 mean?

Explanation

John 12:7 features Jesus responding to some of his disciples who were displeased with a woman, identified in the parallel account in Mark 14:3 as Mary, sister of Lazarus and Martha, for using an expensive perfume to anoint Jesus.

Judas Iscariot, one of the disciples, had argued that the perfume could have been sold and the money given to the poor.

In this verse, Jesus rebukes Judas, indicating that the woman should be left alone because her act of anointing Him was in anticipation of His burial.

The verse signifies both a defense of the woman's act of devotion and a foreshadowing of Jesus' imminent death.

Historical Context

The event takes place in Bethany, shortly before the Passover and Jesus' crucifixion. In the ancient Jewish culture, anointing with oil or perfume was a customary practice for guests, often as a sign of honor and hospitality.

Furthermore, anointing a body was part of the burial process.

Thus, Mary’s anointing Jesus with a costly ointment would have been symbolic of honor, but it also prophetically pointed to His impending death and burial.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, the anointing by Mary can be seen as recognition of Jesus' kingship (anointing was a part of the coronation ritual for kings) and as an acknowledgment of Him as the sacrificial lamb who would soon die for humanity's sins.

This verse, therefore, offers a glimpse into the messianic identity of Jesus and the salvific nature of His mission. It also illustrates the theme of genuine worship and sacrifice, as Mary gives something of great value out of love for Jesus, choosing to honor Him despite practical considerations.

Practical Applications

The practical applications of this verse are diverse.

It emphasizes the importance of worship and devotion over material possessions.

The moment highlights the value of spiritual discernment, understanding the deeper significance of actions over surface judgments.

It encourages believers to honor and cherish Christ, and to offer their best to Him, even if it may not align with practical expectations or social norms.

Cross-References

• Mark 14:3-9: The parallel account of the same event, where Jesus affirms Mary’s act as preparing Him for burial.
• Matthew 26:6-13: Another parallel account emphasizing Jesus' support for Mary's actions.
• Luke 7:37-38: An incident where a woman anoints Jesus' feet, a similar act of devotion.
• John 11:2: Identifies Mary as the one who anointed Jesus’ feet with ointment.
• Ecclesiastes 7:1: Associates anointing oil with a good name, resonating with the honor given to Jesus by Mary.

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the phrase "Let her alone" is "Ἄφες αὐτήν" (aphes autēn), with "Ἄφες" meaning "leave" or "forgive," indicating Jesus' command to cease the objection.

The word "burying" translates from "ἐνταφιασμός" (entaphiasmos), which refers to an embalming or burial preparation, underscoring the allusion to Jesus' impending death and customary Jewish burial practices.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient times, anointing was a practice seen in various cultures.

Egyptian embalming rituals involved anointing the body with spices and ointments.

Ancient Greco-Roman cultures also practiced anointing for various religious and civic occasions.

In the Jewish tradition, anointing was significant for religious ceremonies, including the anointing of kings and priests.

Mary's act stands as a contrast, signifying a personal and prophetic anointing not tied to traditional political or religious power.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, there is interest in understanding the composition and value of ancient ointments and perfumes.

Analysis of ancient residues can reveal the trade and use of aromatic substances.

In the context of this verse, the costly perfume indicates significant monetary value, which can be studied through the lens of ancient economies and trade practices involving luxury goods.

Commentaries

Most biblical commentators view this interaction between Jesus, Mary, and Judas as a display of contrasting attitudes towards Jesus.

Mary's devotion and generosity elicit praise from Jesus, interpreting her act as preparation for His burial, signifying her closeness and understanding of Jesus' mission.

Judas' objection is commonly seen as hypocritical, especially in light of his forthcoming betrayal and John's note that he was a thief (John 12:6).

Commentators often use this passage to discuss themes of discipleship, sacrifice, true worship, and discerning the significance of Jesus' death and resurrection.