What does Mark 13:17 mean?

Explanation

The verse Mark 13:17 from the King James Version of the Bible reads, "But woe to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!" This passage is a part of Jesus' discourse on the end times, also known as the "Olivet Discourse," where He describes the tribulation that will precede His second coming.

The lament "woe" expresses sorrow, distress, or denunciation.

The specific reference to pregnant women and nursing mothers underscores the intensity and difficulty of the period of tribulation.

The underlying message is that the calamities of those times will be so severe that those with young children will face additional hardships, making their plight even more grievous.

Historical Context

This verse is set within the context of a private teaching given by Jesus to His disciples on the Mount of Olives, overlooking the Temple in Jerusalem. This discussion takes place shortly before Jesus' crucifixion.

Historically, this time was one of political unrest and expectation of a messianic deliverance among the Jewish people.

This verse, in particular, may have been a predictive warning of the coming destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. by the Roman Empire, as well as a prophetic look forward to the tribulations of the end times.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse touches upon the concept of eschatology, which is the study of the "last things" or the end times.

It reflects a common theme in biblical eschatology of an approaching time of great trouble.

Different theological viewpoints interpret this passage in various ways.

Preterists believe that Jesus was predicting events that would occur in the near future, particularly the fall of Jerusalem.

Futurists extend the interpretation to a future period of tribulation that will occur before the end of the world.

Still, others, such as amillennialists, may see this as representative of the ongoing trials and tribulations faced by believers throughout the church age.

Practical Applications

From a practical standpoint, this verse can be seen as a call to be spiritually prepared for difficult times.

It encourages believers to consider the responsibilities and vulnerabilities that come with caring for others.

There may be applications to modern-day crises, such as natural disasters, wars, or personal tribulations, where the message could be a reminder to brace for challenges and to extend empathy and support to those who are particularly vulnerable.

Cross-References

• Matthew 24:19: "And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!"
• Luke 21:23: "But woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck, in those days! for there shall be great distress in the land, and wrath upon this people."
• 1 Thessalonians 5:3: "For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape."

Language Study

The key phrases in this verse include "woe" (Greek: οὐαί, ouai), which is an expression of grief or denunciation; "with child" (Greek: ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις, en gastri echousais), referring to pregnant women; and "give suck" (Greek: θηλάζουσαι, thelazousai), meaning to breastfeed or nurse infants.

These terms highlight the physical vulnerability of these groups.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient times, including the context of the Bible, pregnant women and nursing mothers were seen as particularly vulnerable and in need of protection, especially during times of strife or conflict.

This view is not unique to Judeo-Christian thought but is also reflected in other ancient cultures, where similar sentiments can be found, emphasizing the additional burdens faced by these individuals during calamities.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific standpoint, the focus on pregnant and nursing women aligns with an understanding of the additional nutritional needs and physical strain experienced during pregnancy and lactation.

During crises, access to proper nutrition, healthcare, and safe environments is critical for both the mother's and child's well-being, which correlates with the biblical emphasis on this group's vulnerability.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians have weighed in on Mark 13:17.

Some, like John Calvin, suggest that Jesus is highlighting the barriers to flight that these women would face.

Others interpret the verse metaphorically, suggesting that it represents a state of spiritual unreadiness.

Still, others affirm that it should be understood both in terms of its immediate historical fulfillment (e.g., the siege of Jerusalem) and its eschatological significance (end-time tribulations).

Modern commentaries often discuss the need for readiness in the face of tribulation and the church's duty to care for the vulnerable in society.