What does Matthew 1:19 mean?

Explanation

The verse Matthew 1:19 speaks about Joseph's predicament upon discovering that Mary, his betrothed, was pregnant before they came together in marriage.

As a "just man," Joseph wanted to act righteously according to Jewish law.

Not wanting to expose Mary to public disgrace or possible stoning for adultery (as per Jewish Law, if a betrothed virgin was found with child, it was assumed to be through illicit relations), he intended to "put her away privily," which means to divorce her discreetly without subjecting her to public shame.

Historical Context

The social and religious context of the period in which Matthew 1:19 is set was one of strict adherence to Jewish law.

Marriages were often arranged, and betrothal was as binding as marriage itself.

A quiet divorce required the presence of two witnesses, versus a public divorce, which would have exposed Mary to scandal and severe punishment.

Joseph's actions reflect the cultural norms and legal expectations of his time.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, Joseph is depicted as a compassionate and law-abiding man.

His character is seen as a model of obedience and mercy.

One viewpoint is that his merciful action foreshadows the mercy extended by Jesus Christ.

Another viewpoint is that it serves to highlight the conflicting feelings of adherence to the law versus the compassion for the individual, a theme seen frequently in Christian teachings.

Practical Applications

The decision to act with consideration and mercy, even in difficult circumstances, offers a relevant lesson on personal conduct and relationships.

It reflects the importance of compassion and discretion in upholding one's moral integrity while dealing with others' transgressions, perceived or real.

Cross-References

• Deuteronomy 22:23-24: Discusses the law regarding betrothal and adultery.
• John 8:3-11: Jesus faces a situation where a woman caught in adultery is brought before him.
• Matthew 5:31-32: Jesus teaches about divorce.

Language Study

Key words in the original Greek text include:

• "δίκαιος" (dikaios): often translated as 'just' or 'righteous', denoting one who follows God's laws.
• "παραδειγματίσαι" (paradeigmatizai): 'make a public example', implying severe public punishment.
• "απολῦσαι" (apolysai): typically translated as 'put away' or 'divorce', a formal separation of marriage.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing this to other ancient cultures, the concept of preserving familial honor through discreet actions was common. In the Greco-Roman society, for example, extramarital affairs were often dealt with privately to avoid public scandal.

Scientific Perspectives

Science offers limited direct insight into the scriptural narrative.

However, it can provide understanding about human behavior, stress, and decision-making under societal pressures, which could be used to analyze Joseph's response from a psychological perspective.

Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests Joseph's behavior as a balance between law and love.

Many experts agree that this verse shows Joseph's intention to act with honor without causing undue harm, which aligns with the broader themes of justice and mercy that run through the New Testament.