What does Matthew 20:31 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 20:31 describes an event where two blind men are calling out to Jesus for mercy. Despite attempts by the crowd to silence them, these men only increase their efforts to be heard, using the honorific "Son of David" to acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah.

This verse highlights the blind men's persistence and the recognition of Jesus as the key to their salvation and healing.

Their cries exemplify the desperation and hope of those in need seeking deliverance, and the title 'Son of David' signifies a direct Messianic reference, resonating with the Jewish expectations of a savior from the line of King David.

Historical Context

At the time Matthew was written, Israel was under Roman occupation, and there was a strong expectation among Jews for the Messiah to come and restore Israel's independence.

The use of 'Son of David' suggests that the blind men, like many of their contemporaries, expected a political liberator.

Yet, Matthew's Gospel presents Jesus as a different kind of savior, one who comes to heal and save souls, not necessarily to lead a political revolution.

Their appeal and the crowd’s reaction illustrate the social dynamics of the time, where the suffering often were marginalized.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, the insistence of the blind men shows faith in action amid opposition.

It points to Jesus' Messianic identity and his fulfillment of the prophecy as the descendant of David who would bring salvation.

This passage is often interpreted by Christian theologians as a lesson about persistence in prayer and faith.

Moreover, it highlights Jesus' mercy and willingness to respond to those who call upon Him with genuine faith, regardless of social pressures or obstacles.

Practical Applications

This passage suggests several practical applications for contemporary life. Followers of Christ can take from this the importance of persistence in seeking God's help, even when faced with discouragement or dismissal by others. It also encourages believers to have faith in Jesus' power and mercy.

Moreover, it challenges individuals to be attentive to the needs of others, instead of dissuading or silencing those who seek help, as the crowd attempted to do with the blind men.

Cross-References

• Mark 10:47-48: "And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me."
• Matthew 9:27: "And when Jesus departed thence, two blind men followed him, crying, and saying, Thou Son of David, have mercy on us."
• Luke 18:38-39: "And he cried, saying, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me."
• Matthew 7:7: "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you."

Language Study

The key phrase "Son of David" (υἱὸς Δαυὶδ) in the original Greek directly refers to the lineage of David.

It's a significant title given to Jesus, because it ties him to the prophecy of a Messiah who would come from David's line (2 Samuel 7:12-16).

The verb "cried" (ἔκραζον) also carries weight, implying a loud, earnest appeal, which conveys the intensity of their plea for mercy (ἐλέησον).

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other ancient cultures, persistent cries for help to deities or rulers are well documented.

For instance, in many ancient Near Eastern texts, subjects would cry out to their kings or gods for mercy and intervention.

This motif is also evident in the Hebrew Bible, where calling upon the name of the Lord is a common theme (e.g., Psalm 50:15).

In many respects, such cries indicate a universal human impulse to seek aid from a higher power in times of distress.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific or psychological perspective, the behavior of the crowd could be viewed through the lens of social conformity, where people tend to discourage actions that deviate from perceived norms.

Conversely, the blind men's persistence could be interpreted as an example of the intense human drive to seek resolution or relief, a drive that can surpass the fear of social ostracization.

Commentaries

Biblical commentators offer varied insights on Matthew 20:31.

Some focus on the Messianic title and its implications for understanding Jesus' identity and mission.

Others may emphasize the faith and determination of the blind men as a model for Christian behavior.

Exegetes like Matthew Henry and William Barclay note the contrast between the crowd's rebuke and Jesus' compassionate response, using it to illustrate the kingdom values that Jesus espoused, a community that listens to and cares for the marginalized and desperate.