What does Romans 13:7 mean?

Explanation

Romans 13:7 counsels readers to give everyone what they are due, whether it be taxes, revenue, respect or honor.

Literally, the verse is addressing the responsibilities of individuals to meet their societal obligations, whether those are financial or related to attitudes and behaviors towards others.

The deeper meaning suggests an ethic of fairness, respect for authority, and recognition of the roles and rights of others within the community.

It advocates for a lawful and respectful response to the various forms of authority and structures within society, as well as an acknowledgment of the dignity of each person.

Historical Context

In the historical context, this verse is part of a letter the Apostle Paul wrote to the Christian community in Rome during the first century CE. These early Christians were living under the Roman Empire which had its own system of taxation and customs.

The verse reflects the tension between the new Christian way of life and the existing Roman civil and religious practices. Paul's instruction also comes amidst a time where paying tribute to Rome could be seen as supporting a pagan regime, which posed a moral dilemma for some early Christians.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, this verse can be seen from different perspectives:

• Submission to Civil Authority: It echoes the broader Christian teaching that civil authorities are established by God, hence deserving of obedience and respect, as long as their laws don't conflict with God's commands.

• Ethical Living: It suggests that ethical living involves not only spiritual piety but also appropriate social conduct.

• Christian Witness: The paying of dues can be viewed as part of Christian witness, reflecting that Christians are good citizens who contribute positively to society.

Different denominations might emphasize these aspects to varying degrees.

Practical Applications

The teachings of this verse can be applied in the daily lives of Christians by:

• Paying taxes and other financial obligations promptly and honestly.
• Respecting laws and regulations of society.
• Showing proper respect for leaders and those in positions of authority.
• Recognizing and honoring individuals who deserve respect due to their positions or contributions to society.

Cross-References

• "Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers.

For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God." (Romans 13:1)

• "Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;" (1 Peter 2:13)
• "Honour all men.

Love the brotherhood.

Fear God.

Honour the king." (1 Peter 2:17)

• "For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very thing." (Romans 13:6)

Language Study

In the original Greek, key words of this verse hold significance:

• "Render" (ἀπόδοτε - apodote): Often implies giving back what is owed or rightfully belongs to someone else.
• "Tribute" (φόρον - phoron): Indicates taxes or levies owed, particularly those to governing authorities.
• "Custom" (τέλος - telos): Typically refers to tolls or duties levied on goods and trade, another form of tax.
• "Fear" (φόβον - phobon): Can mean both fear in the sense of being afraid, but also respect or reverence.
• "Honour" (τιμήν - timēn): Denotes value or esteem given to those worthy of respect.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

At the time the New Testament was written, the Roman Empire similarly expected its subjects to pay taxes, venerate the emperor, and respect social hierarchies.

In other ancient religions and cultures, the king or emperor was often seen as a divine figure, and adherence to laws was not just a civic duty but a religious one.

Paul's instruction to the Romans, however, differed in that the Christian God, rather than the ruler, granted authority.

Scientific Perspectives

This verse may not have direct scientific implications, but the idea of social contracts and responsibilities aligns with concepts in social science.

The organization of societies, and the interaction between individuals and state authority explored by sociologists and political scientists, reflects the social dynamics hinted at in this text.

Psychology might also study the impacts of social and religious customs on individual and collective behavior.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians have interpreted this verse.

Some emphasize its call for a responsible Christian presence within the secular world, such as John Stott, who saw it as a command to be good citizens.

Others, like Martin Luther, saw the verse as a basis for the doctrine of the 'two kingdoms' that separate the realm of God from the realm of the world.

More contemporary takes might focus on the ethical implications of such a statement, how it advises Christians to engage with complex civic realities in a way that is both faithful and socially responsible.