What does Romans 2:21 mean?

Explanation

Romans 2:21 is a rhetorical question posed by the Apostle Paul that challenges the moral inconsistency of those who teach one thing yet do something else.

The verse brings to light the issue of hypocrisy, specifically within the context of a Jewish teacher of the law who instructs others not to steal, yet engages in theft themselves.

It addresses the principle that one should practice what they preach and calls into question the authenticity of someone's teaching if their actions do not align with their words.

Historical Context

The Book of Romans was written by Paul around AD 57 to the Christians in Rome.

At the time, there was a mix of Jewish and Gentile believers.

The Jewish community often prided itself on the possession of the Law of Moses and their position as God's chosen people.

Paul uses this section of the letter (in the larger context of Romans 2:17-24) to address the Jews, making them aware that having the law and even teaching it to others means little if one does not obey the law oneself.

Paul is challenging Jewish exclusivity and moral superiority by pointing out their failure to live according to the very law they taught.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse underscores the belief in Christianity that righteousness is not attained merely through knowledge or teaching of the Law, but through a sincere and obedient relationship with God.

It also touches on the concept of sin and the need for grace; since all people, teachers and students alike, fall short of the law's demands.

Some commentators suggest that it also previews the concept of the New Covenant, where righteousness comes through faith in Christ, not merely adherence to the Law (Romans 3:22).

Practical Applications

This verse can serve as a caution against hypocrisy in one's personal, professional, and spiritual life.

It reminds believers to self-reflect on their actions, ensuring consistency between what they promote and how they behave.

It may also prompt individuals to be forgiving and understanding towards others, recognizing that everyone is prone to shortcomings and needs grace.

Those in positions of authority or who are role models, such as educators, parents, and leaders, can take this verse as a reminder to lead by example.

Cross-References

• Matthew 23:3: "All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not."
• James 1:22-23: "But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves."
• Titus 1:16: "They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate."

Language Study

In the original Greek text:

• "Teachest" (διδάσκων, didaskōn) implies the act of teaching or instructing.
• "Preachest" (κηρύσσων, kēryssōn) means to announce, proclaim, or preach, specifically referring to the proclamation of divine truth.
• "Steal" (κλέπτεις, klepteis) from κλέπτω, kleptō which means to steal or take away secretly.

The choice of these words suggests an authoritative figure who is expected to be an exemplar of the teachings they pass on to others.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures and religious teachings, there is a disdain for hypocrisy.

For example, in ancient Greek society, the idea of "practicing what you preach" was valued.

Similarly, in Jewish tradition, the Prophets often condemned religious and moral hypocrisy.

This idea is broadly acknowledged across various religions and ethical systems as an integral component of integrity and virtue.

Scientific Perspectives

While the content of Romans 2:21 is primarily moral and theological, contemporary psychology can provide insights into why individuals may struggle to align actions with beliefs, a concept known as cognitive dissonance.

Moreover, the verse touches on moral development and ethical behavior, both of which are subjects of study in psychology and behavioral science.

Commentaries

-According to Matthew Henry’s commentary, Paul is accusing the Jews of resting on their personal knowledge of the law without putting it into practice. -John Calvin’s commentary emphasizes the idea that having the law is unprofitable unless it is obeyed, and that those who teach the law but do not follow it dishonor God. -The Expositor's Greek Testament notes the paradox of a teacher who inculcates truth in others while ignoring it in himself, suggesting the danger of becoming desensitized to the moral precepts one teaches.