What does Romans 3:27 mean?

Explanation

In Romans 3:27, the Apostle Paul is addressing the concept of boasting in terms of religious achievements and the observance of the law.

Practically, he is suggesting that no one can boast before God about having achieved righteousness through their own efforts or works because righteousness comes through faith.

The "law" that he refers to can be understood in two senses: first, the Law of Moses, encompassing the commandments and ordinances given to Israel; and second, as a principle or rule of conduct.

When Paul speaks of the "law of faith," he is shifting focus from a system based on human performance and adherence to a legal code to one that is based on trust in God's grace as the basis for justification.

Historical Context

This statement comes from the epistle of Romans, which was written by Paul to the Christian church in Rome circa 56-58 A.D.

During this period, Judaism strongly emphasized adherence to the Mosaic Law, and there was a debate in the early Christian community about the role of the Law for believers in Jesus.

Paul wrote Romans as a systematic presentation of Christian theology, addressing issues such as sin, salvation, and the righteousness of God.

He was also in part writing to a mixed community of Jewish and Gentile Christians, clarifying how the gospel of Jesus Christ relates to Jewish law and Gentile believers.

Theological Insights

From the perspective of Reformation theology, this verse is central to the concept of sola fide, meaning "faith alone." This principle posits that justification, being made righteous before God, is received through faith alone, apart from works of the law.

In Catholic theology, the emphasis might be more towards a harmony of faith and works, while acknowledging that initial justification is through faith.

Eastern Orthodox theology likewise places an emphasis on the synergy between faith and works while maintaining that salvation is by grace through faith.

The verse refutes any notion of earning salvation, underlining that boasting is not congruent with a salvation that is based on faith.

Practical Applications

Romans 3:27 calls for humility in the life of believers.

Since no one can claim to have earned their righteousness, this undermines any basis for spiritual pride or looking down upon others.

It promotes a reliance on God rather than on one's own moral or religious achievements.

In daily life, this might encourage believers to be gracious and compassionate, recognizing that everyone is dependent on God's mercy.

Cross-References

• Ephesians 2:8-9: "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast."
• Galatians 2:16: "Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified."
• Philippians 3:9: "And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith:"

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the key terms are:

• Καύχησις (Kaúchēsis): Translated as "boasting." It indicates pride, glorying, or rejoicing, often in one's own accomplishments.
• ἐκκλείω (ekkleíō): Translated as "excluded." This verb conveys the act of shutting out, denying, or ruling out the possibility of something.
• νόμος (nomos): Translated as "law," it frequently refers to the Law of Moses in the New Testament but can also signify a principle or rule.
• πίστις (pistis): Translated as "faith," it denotes trust, belief, or faithfulness, particularly in relation to God or Christ.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to other religious systems of the time, Judaism was unique in its detailed legal code and expectations.

However, the idea of boasting in one's religious or moral accomplishment was not unique to Judaism. The Greco-Roman culture was familiar with virtues and various philosophical schools advocated for moral excellence.

Many ancient mythologies are built around the concept of heroes who boast of their feats and lineage. What sets the Christian message apart in Romans is the rejection of personal merit as the basis for divine acceptance.

Scientific Perspectives

The passage from Romans deals less with empirical or scientific claims and more with issues of human nature, morality, and theology.

Modern psychological understandings of human behavior might offer insight into the nature of boasting and the need for recognition.

Studies in sociology and anthropology might shed light on the importance of legal systems and moral codes in various cultures.

However, the core message of Romans 3:27 is theological and not directly related to the natural sciences.

Commentaries

Commentators from various theological backgrounds offer diverse insights into Romans 3:27:

• John Calvin sees this verse as foundational for the doctrine that faith alone justifies and excludes boasting.

He states that justification comes from God's mercy rather than any merit of our own.

• The New International Commentary on the New Testament suggests that Paul's use of "law" in this verse is not merely the Mosaic Law but encompasses any legalistic framework for achieving righteousness.
• The Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture acknowledges that works of the law do not justify but asserts that faith working through love is crucial for justification's continuation.
• The Jewish Annotated New Testament points out the cultural tension for Jews who followed Jesus, balancing faith in Him with adherence to the Law, and how Paul addresses these tensions by focusing on faith as central.