What does Hebrews 11:21 mean?

Explanation

Hebrews 11:21 focuses on the patriarch Jacob's act of faith at the end of his life.

The verse refers to the story from the Book of Genesis where Jacob, also known as Israel, is on his deathbed and blesses Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh.

Instead of the traditional practice where the elder son receives the greater blessing, Jacob intentionally crosses his arms and places his right hand on the younger Ephraim, prophesying a greater future for him.

The act of worship mentioned, "leaning upon the top of his staff," suggests a posture of both physical dependence and spiritual reverence.

This image conveys Jacob's humility and devotion to God even in his dying moments.

Historical Context

The verse from Hebrews is a New Testament reflection on an Old Testament event.

Hebrews was written to a Jewish-Christian audience in the first century A.D., who would have been familiar with the stories of their ancestors.

The primary event referenced is found in Genesis 48, occurring around 1800 B.C., when the nation of Israel was still in its formative stages.

Jacob's blessing was an important cultural practice among the Hebrew people, as it expressed the continuation of God's promises to Abraham.

Theological Insights

Jacob's act of faith is celebrated in Hebrews as an example of the trust he had in God's providence.

From a Christian perspective, it illustrates the principle that faith is not confined to the physically strong or young but is a virtue that can be exhibited at the very end of life.

From a Jewish standpoint, the verse underscores the idea that God's purposes may overturn human expectations, as seen in Jacob's choice to favor Ephraim over Manasseh.

Moreover, it highlights the ancestor's role in God's unfolding plan for the nation of Israel.

Practical Applications

This verse can inspire individuals to reflect on their own lives and the importance of faith, even during challenging times. It encourages believers to trust in God's plan regardless of circumstances or societal norms.

Furthermore, it teaches that faithfulness to God is not only shown through words but also through actions, even when one's physical strength is waning.

Cross-References

• Genesis 48:14-20: This is the original account of Jacob blessing Ephraim and Manasseh, which Hebrews 11:21 references.
• Genesis 27:27-29: Describes Isaac blessing Jacob, an earlier example of the importance of paternal blessings.
• Hebrews 11:1-40: The entire chapter is known as the "Faith Chapter" and gives numerous examples of faith in action.

Language Study

The original Greek text uses the word "proskyneō" (προσκυνέω) for "worshipped." This can mean to kneel or prostrate oneself in reverence or homage. The emphasis is on an action demonstrating deep respect and acknowledgment of God's authority.

The term "rabdou" (ῥάβδου), translated "staff," carries the connotation of a walking stick or a symbol of one's journey and support.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In many ancient cultures, including Mesopotamia and Egypt, blessings from a father or a patriarch were considered to carry significant weight, almost a magical or prophetic power to determine the future.

Blessings could determine family hierarchy and destiny, similar to the manner in which Jacob blessed Joseph's sons, conveying not just a wish but a powerful declaration over their lives.

Scientific Perspectives

Scientifically, there is an understanding that stress, emotions, and spiritual experiences can affect an individual's physical health.

Although faith and its rites are not within the scope of scientific measurement, modern science does recognize the potential impact of beliefs, especially at the end of life, on a person’s psychological well-being.

commentaries

Experts on this verse commonly focus on the demonstration of faith exhibited by Jacob.

Matthew Henry's Commentary points out the great faith Jacob showed, not only in God's promises to him but also to his descendants.

Meanwhile, John Gill's Exposition of the Bible emphasizes the prophetic aspect of Jacob's actions and his insight into God's plans.

Lastly, the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary brings into light the public testimony of Jacob's faith, his example being narrated for succeeding generations.