What does Hebrews 11:31 mean?

Explanation

The verse from Hebrews 11:31 focuses on Rahab, a historical figure from the Old Testament, and her actions during the Israelite spies' visit to Jericho, as recorded in the book of Joshua, chapter 2.

The term "harlot" refers to her occupation as a prostitute, which in the cultural context of the time, placed her among the marginalized and disreputable members of society.

Despite this, Rahab is commended for her faith, as she believed in the God of Israel and acted to preserve the lives of the spies sent by Joshua.

Her faith was demonstrated through her actions when she received the spies with peace and protected them from being captured, which ultimately led to her and her family being spared from the destruction that befell Jericho.

This verse highlights her belief and contrasts it with the disbelief of those who perished in Jericho, emphasizing that faith, not social status or past actions, is what God values.

Historical Context

This verse is situated within the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to Paul the Apostle, though the authorship remains debated.

Written to a group of Jewish Christians in the first century AD, Hebrews 11 is known as the "faith chapter," as it provides a long list of Old Testament figures who exemplified faith in God.

Rahab's story comes from a time when the Israelites, having wandered in the wilderness for 40 years under Moses' leadership, were about to enter the Promised Land of Canaan under Joshua's command.

The fall of Jericho was a key event during the Israelite conquest of Canaan.

Rahab's faith and assistance were crucial in the successful espionage that led to the city's capture.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, Rahab's story is often cited as an example of God's grace extending beyond the ethnic and religious boundaries of Israel to include Gentiles.

It challenges the belief that God's favor is limited to a specific people or class.

Her inclusion in the Epistle to the Hebrews implies that faith is a unifying factor that transcends one's past or social standing.

Different Christian traditions may emphasize varying aspects of Rahab's faith.

Protestant theology might highlight the doctrine of justification by faith alone, using Rahab as a marker of divine grace bestowed upon those who believe, no matter their previous life or status.

Catholic and Orthodox traditions might point to the importance of Rahab's works, in addition to her faith, as she actively engaged in protecting the spies.

Practical Applications

Rahab's example demonstrates that faith often requires tangible action, not merely intellectual assent.

This calls individuals to extend hospitality, show courage, and take risks for the sake of what is right.

It also has a message of redemption, suggesting that no one is beyond the transformative power of faith, regardless of their past.

Cross-References

• Joshua 2:1-21 - The original account of Rahab hiding the spies sent by Joshua to Jericho.
• James 2:25 - Rahab is mentioned as an example of someone justified by works when she received the messengers.
• Matthew 1:5 - Rahab is listed in the genealogy of Jesus Christ, indicating her honored place in biblical history.

Language Study

The key terms in Hebrews 11:31 include:

• Faith (πίστις - pistis): In the original Greek, this term denotes trust, belief, or confidence in someone or something, specifically here in the God of Israel.
• Harlot (πόρνη - porne): A term used for a prostitute, indicating Rahab's social status and profession.
• Perished not (οὐ συναπώλετο - ou synapōleto): A negation of "to destroy together with," highlighting that Rahab and her family were spared the destruction that befell others.
• Them that believed not (τοῖς ἀπειθήσασιν - tois apeithēsasin): Refers to those who did not have faith or were disobedient.
• Received (ὑπεδέξατο - hupedexato): Implies warmly welcoming or accepting, which she did by allowing the spies into her home.
• Spies (κατασκόπους - kataskopous): Literally "scouts" or "secret agents," sent to gather information about Jericho.
• With peace (μετ' εἰρήνης - met' eirēnēs): Denotes that the reception was friendly and without hostility.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparing Rahab's story with other ancient myths and religious interpretations, a recurring theme is that of the unlikely hero or redeemed figure.

Various cultures have their own tales of individuals who, despite flawed backgrounds or social norms, rise to occasions of great moral or spiritual significance.

Rahab's faith and consequent actions, given her status, would resonate with such narratives, illustrating a universal motif of redemption and the subverting of societal expectations.

Scientific Perspectives

The story of Rahab and the fall of Jericho intersects with archaeology, a scientific field that provides physical evidence and context for biblical narratives. Excavations in the ancient city of Jericho (Tell es-Sultan) offer insights into the historical reality of the site.

While there is ongoing debate over the dating and interpretation of the archaeological layers, the field of archaeology can enrich our understanding of the setting and plausibility of events described in the biblical account.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer various interpretations of the verse.

Some commentaries focus on the theological significance of faith as demonstrated by a Gentile, pointing to the universal reach of God's salvation.

Others may discuss the ethical dimensions of Rahab's lie to the authorities of Jericho in order to protect the spies, wrestling with the tension between her deceit and her commendable faith.

Generally, experts agree that Rahab's inclusion in the "faith hall of fame" in Hebrews 11 elevates her as an exemplar of genuine belief in God's power and promises.